There is a lot of misunderstanding out there about fleas and their treatment.
You only need three things to clear them:
- A decent flea product, whether that's spot-on or tablet. I wouldn't recommend shampoo; none of them work that well as far as I'm aware.
- A can of spray for the house, of a decent brand - I'd advise Indorex, RIP Fleas or Acclaim. All are available without prescription online. Don't bother with fogs and bombs.
- A vacuum cleaner, deployed daily.
With regards to animal treatment, not all products are equal and it's true that there are now resistance concerns over Frontline and its ilk. Others have mentioned Advocate and (for dogs only) Advantix. Either is fine, but if you need to you can get Advantage, which contains the same active ingredient as these, without prescription.
Use spot-on treatments properly. They need to be given every four weeks - be religious about it - and ensure you place them onto the skin. Avoid getting it all over the coat. If your pet is hard to treat, consider a tablet treatment such as Comfortis or Bravecto (vet only products). Don't leave any cat or dog in the house untreated. It doesn't matter if you've not seen fleas on all of them - treat anyway.
95% of fleas are in the house, not on the pet.
With regards to the house, apply the spray properly. As it lasts 6-12 months you shouldn't need to do it more than once, but you must use it to its full effect. This can be a faff, as it involves moving furniture etc and vacuuming thoroughly beforehand - do it anyway, or it won't work as well. The RIP Fleas website has instructions on how to use the spray properly, which also applies to the other brands I mentioned. www.ripfleas.co.uk/r-i-p-fleas-extra/
Treat the entire house. Leave no stone unturned. Don't forget to treat the car or any outside buildings if your pet enters these. Bedding etc can be cleaned on a hot wash. Water temperatures above 60 degrees kill fleas.
Vacuum daily. Not only can this remove some of the eggs and larvae in the house, but the vibrations stimulate pupating fleas to emerge from their cocoons. As long as they are in their cocoons, they are resistant to household sprays. You need to encourage them to come out, so that they jump on your (treated) pets and die. Be sure to concentrate most on areas where lots of eggs will have fallen off your pet - favourite sleeping areas, for example.
If they need to, fleas can remain in their cocoons for up to 5-6 months. This is why you must keep up with flea treatment and regular vacuuming long past the point you think it's all clear. It takes usually months to clear a flea infestation, not days. That's normal, just keep up with it.
Some common misconceptions about fleas I've come across:
- they don't jump between animals. They jump from the environment onto a passing dog/cat/human. If your pet has fleas, they didn't get them from contact with another animal. They got them from being in a building or outdoor space that was infested with flea cocoons - OR someone inadvertently brought flea eggs/larvae/cocoons into your home in their bag, clothing, bedding etc. Be careful buying second-hand rugs, furniture etc for this reason!
- fleas can bite humans, but cannot live on us (well, the human flea can but we don't tend to see as many of those any more - the fleas we're dealing with are generally cat fleas, even on dogs).
- seeing fleas on a treated animal doesn't mean the treatment didn't work. Most of the flea products we use do NOT repel fleas. If you have an infestation in your home, you don't want the dog/cat to repel fleas anyway. You want the fleas to jump on, bite and die. If they don't jump on, they can lurk in their cocoons for months, remember. It's normal to find dying fleas in the coat of treated animals - point is, they won't have a chance to reproduce.
- fleas don't die off in winter. They might breed more slowly, but in centrally heated houses they can exist all year round.
- shutting your pet out of rooms they previously had access to is one of the worst things you can do. By the time you find fleas on your pet, they will be in all the rooms your pet enters (and possibly rooms they didn't, if some flea eggs/larvae/cocoons got carried in on your clothes or possessions). If you shut out your pets, the fleas will lurk in their cocoons for up to 5-6 months. If you let your treated pet in, the fleas will emerge from their cocoons, jump onto your pet and die.
A treated cat/dog is a walking flea killer. Let them loose!