It should be a lot harder to get a dog, or any pet, in the first place. It's far too easy in the UK for anyone to decide they want a dog one minute and go online and get one from some shitty backyard breeder or puppy farm dealer the next. It should not be as easy to buy a sentient, living, dependent being as it is to buy a pair of shoes or a TV. It's harder to get a fucking mobile phone contract than it is to get a dog.
In Switzerland all first-time dog owners have to go on a mandatory theory course before getting a dog, and then all owners, regardless of experience, have to go on a practical course within 12 months of getting their dog. You have to do this for every dog you get. All dogs have to be microchipped and registered, and only a vet can do the proper registration. An annual 'dog tax' has to be paid and having public liability insurance is mandatory. There are also more local/cantonal regulations to follow.
It makes getting a dog a lot harder, but it should be hard. Owning a dog is a privilege, not a right, and it is a massive responsibility, one that far too many people don't take seriously enough. Yes, people's circumstances do sometimes change unexpectedly, but in my 10 years of experience as a vet, the majority of dogs that I've seen given up are not 'catastrophic' death/divorce cases, but people not thinking it through properly in the first place and 'not realising what they've taken on', people who just can't be bothered to train or exercise the dog properly, or understand the slightest thing about dog behaviour.