I grew up in the valleys, just outside Caerphilly then moved to the Rhondda as it was where DH & and I could afford to buy.
Transport is definitely an issue, the timings, and the cost.
My first job was in Cardiff, retail. My last bus home was at 6.08pm, about an hours journey. After that it was 2 buses with a long wait inbetween or a bus and a taxi I couldn't afford. The late night buses could be scary as well, then having to wait around for maybe an hour for the second one... Couldn't often afford the train and even when I could I still had an hour to wait at the other end. Sunday's were next to impossible on public transport as it didn't start until after 1pm for a bus to Caerphilly and then there was something like a two hour wait for a train.
From the Rhondda I used the trains as the buses would have doubled my journey time and only saved me £16 a month - but I could afford to buy a monthly pass on the train. I think it was over £7.50 for a return to Cardiff when I moved again, the monthly pass was about £100 - a lot of money up front if you don't have it.
Generally services were reasonable up until 6-7pm. If you needed to work later it could start getting difficult especially if you didn't live within walking distance of a train station.
Transport during working hours (and what is considered normal working hours needs to be expanded - 7am-8pm maybe?) needs to be more frequent and it needs to be affordable. Maybe the Job Centre should pay for the first months transport when someone gets a job.
Problems with the valleys though, I don't know what the answer is. You can say they should all move, but where to? Places with jobs? Rents tend to be higher in those areas for that very reason.
What about those in the valleys who own their homes and/or who are elderly, you'll have destroyed the community around them. And what would we do with all those empty houses?
I know the hopelessness, the lack of ambition, I grew surrounded by it in the '90s. I was one of the few girls in my year who wasn't pregnant in her teens. I didn't go out drinking, I didn't take drugs, but so many of my peers did and did terrible damage to themselves. My school had already written the lot of us off, we weren't expected to do A Levels or go to University. Is it any wonder that some parents in these places don't value education when their teachers threw them on the scrapheap based on their postcode?