I know three people with IQs of over 160.
The first only just got 4 O levels due to his behaviour. He came from a very working class background and lived in a very working class area and went to the very average local comprehensive. When he was going through school, he was just viewed as trouble and was suspended more than he was actually in school. There was never any question of him going to university due to his background and the expectations of his parents. He left school at 16.
He's since done really well for himself.
The second only had severe dyslexia diagnosed at university. This was missed during school, because he was able to pass tests and developed coping strategies of his own (due to his IQ), and got higher grades than all his peers so no one bothered to check if there was a problem there.
He had a middle class background, but lived in an area which was mainly working class and deprived. The school, whilst the best in the area was still pretty average by national standards.
During school he had behavioural issues but the teachers didn't do anything about it either to stop it or to help him achieve his maximum potential. He frequently used to point out that the teachers were making mistakes. His parents were unsupportive as his elder brother was the golden child and his behaviour was written off as him merely being difficult or the second child.
He's also done well for himself too now.
In both cases they were ultimately let down by teachers and a school culture/environment that didn't encourage them to study or achieve.
The third, came from a middle class background, in a good area and went to a grammar school. He is the only one who was aware of his IQ during his school and not after he left.
He went to Oxford. He's done well for himself, but of the three of them, he is the one with the career that has been 'least successful' when compared with the others.
All of them didn't have exact IQ scores, because they maxed the tests they were given so they only know they were above 160. They are all great friends, even if they are frustratingly annoying and know everything about everything!
I'll leave it to you to draw further conclusions about why but yes it is perfectly possible for such high IQs to go unnoticed throughout school, and IQs of 160+ do exist.