It's true that people's views on the appropriate size and remit of the state seem to have polarised, increasingly so since the financial crash. Again, viewing this through the lens of conspiracy is tempting but I just don't think it gives a useful (or accurate) picture of what's happening.
You can contextualise what's happening here with some twentieth/twenty-first century trends in taxation and government spending. Firstly, the proportion of tax relative to GDP has been creeping upwards for a century. There have been some spikes and dips but overall the trend has been upwards. In a nutshell that means that over time, more and more of the total amount of money earned in this country has been handed to the government to spend. Source
Secondly, the burden of taxation has changed over time. Income inequality was very high before WW1 and WW2, then for complex reasons fell or stayed static for a while after the wars (until the late 70s). Since then income inequality has generally risen over time. Among other things, this is due to globalisation: skilled working-class jobs in the UK have been lost to mechanisation or been offshored to places with lower labour costs, while wealth and opportunity among the capital-owning class has globalised, allowing for increasing consolidation of wealth among a super-elite. There have been winners and losers from this process: on the one hand, it's lifted millions out of subsistence poverty in developing nations, but on the other hand it's left millions in former manufacturing nations stuck in hopeless welfare dependency when the jobs they used to do went overseas. (My late FIL was an example of this: he worked half his life as a skilled factory fitter, earning a decent wage, but by the time he died the factories had mostly left the UK and he was working as a self-employed gardener.)
As income inequality has widened, and the number of skilled working-class jobs has shrunk, so the need for a supportive welfare state has grown at the very time the tax base has shrunk (because those at the bottom are getting poorer so paying less and needing more help, while those at the top are getting richer so paying more.) The proportion of total tax take paid by the top earners has climbed steadily in recent years. It's hard to find decent sources on this as it's so politicised, but here for an example - top 10% in the UK paying 21% in 1999, rising to around 30% in recent years. Some figures have the bottom 60% of UK earners now being net beneficiaries of state spending, taken as a whole.
So a smaller proportion of people today earns more of the total income, and society as a whole is asking that shrinking group of people to chip in more for the general social pot. As a result, the debate is naturally getting polarised - and both sides have a view that is understandable. Those whose incomes are declining in relative terms sense their relative spending power falling and understandably feel this is unfair, so want fairer income distribution. Naturally they turn to the government for help with this and provide an impetus for progressive taxation and redistributive policies. Meanwhile, those whose relative incomes are climbing or static resent the steady incursion of redistributive tax-and-spend into their pay packets, and start to turn against the people to whom their money is being given. And so we end up with the situation we're starting to see, where people are increasingly divided into 'strivers' and 'skivers', or net beneficiaries and net contributors.
This is the result of global trends spanning decades. It is emphatically not a conspiracy by the elite to divide and conquer. What we do about it is another discussion; it is clear that things can't go on getting more and more polarised without something snapping.