i think anthropogenic climate change is what you are actually talking about.
i think it is questionable, particularly where it comes to predictability. we don't know the possible global effect - local effects are fairly predictable though (urban heat island etc)
consequently: we don't know that it would actually be a bad thing. or a good thing. or what sort of thing it would actually mean on a year to year basis (considering that weather is already unpredictable, and is at times extreme anyway, the 'extreme weather' thesis is one of the most questionable claims of the green movement)
i think a great deal of 'green' taxation falls unfairly hard on the poorest (particularly motor fuel taxation), and some of the 'green' initiatives are only accessible to the wealthy (home ownership is a minimum requirement for many schemes to be any use to you).
some green measures are definitely worth taking even without any 'global' benefit claim. oil is too precious to burn, rainforests are peoples homes, monoculture threatens human health and welfare as well as possible intangibles, and wildlife. however the great ideas that solve these problems will not come from government blunt-instrument taxation.
think about it: the animal rights movement didn't invent the combustion engine, but it saved an awful lot of horses from exploitation.