Lougle - getting more in tax credits than they pay in tax is fine - but why take the blurry tax in the first place??? Think it through - nobody is saying lower income people dont need support - but why tax the lower paid at all - only to give them money back?
Sorry lougle - it is exactly how it works. Lets cut the crap eh? Benefits - for that is what they are - are handed out to those that dont really need them (bit like CB for higher rate tax payers) to give the middle incomes a stake in the benefits system. Thus making it harder to scale back to those that really need it.
Consider this - for every pound HMRC takes off you, they use 19p or so of it in simply taking the tax off you. Simpler tax system = cheaper to administer = less taxes needed to be taken to fund the things we as a society require. Simples.
We have one of the most complicated tax systems in the world - who benefits? Tax accountants, HMRC. HMRC managers get bigger budgets, more staff and more pay.
The state doesn't have any money other than that it has removed from your pay packet under threat of prosecution. It therefore should have a moral duty to maximise its efficiency in how it processes and spends those funds. If we as a society agree that supporting the low paid is important and agree that taxes should support it, then the state should ensure it does so in the simplest way. That way more money is available at the receiving and giving end.
Of the 6 cases you stipulated Lougle, 5 would all be better off in a system and the 6th would also be significantly better off as there would be more money available.
And as for the people who only get £2 charged in tax and £12k back, the mere fact that they wouldn't have the £2k taken in the first place and the aggregate benefit of not having to employ thousands of people and spend £millions losing tax records would mean that they would be able to get £12k+2K.
Anyone working a 40 hour week and earning the minimum wage will be liable for 20% tax on a little under half of their earnings. How is that fair so that a comfortably off middle earner can have their tax credit???