Big question! OK, at the beginning they first want to establish why you want to adopt, what other children you may have and how old they are, what you expect from adoption, whether you have the room (in all senses) for another child in your life, your relationship status, whether you smoke, whether you can take time off work to settle in a child etc.
At some point they will probably invite you to an information day. This is not to assess you, but to ensure you have a clear understanding of what adoption entails.
If they like the cut of your jib, and - most critically - if you fit the profile of the kind of parents they need for the children they have coming up, they will then invite you to be assessed with them. This usually starts with a 5 day prep course where you learn a lot more about adoption. This is part of the assessment - they will be watching what you ask and say.
Following that, if they decide to take it further you have home study, which should be completed within 8 months. A social worker will visit you in your home several times for in-depth discussions. They will want to explore your parenting style (if you have one), whether you have sufficient social support, how your own childhood has affected you, the quality of your relationship is you're in one, what you expect from adoption and how resilient you are in coping with challenges. If you have birth children, they will be assessed too to ensure adoption is in their best interests. They may talk to ex-partners. They will always require references from a few of your friends or family - they will interview these people. You will need to have a medical and provide evidence that you are financially secure (not wealthy, but not in crisis).
If all goes well, you then go to a panel to be approved to adopt a particular category of child or children. (e.g. child aged 0-2, sibling group aged between 2-6).
Once you are approved as an adopter, your social worker looks for a child on your behalf - and you can look yourself too. The child has their own social worker and, if they like the sound of you, that social worker will visit you at home to interview you and judge whether you will be a good match. the match then gets approved at Matching Panel. After that you will start introducctions and meet the child, and then the child comes to live with you. Social workers continue to visit for 6-12 months until the final adoption order. After that, you are finally on your own!
Tell your friend she is welcome on here to ask all and any questions at any time 