Agree it is very hierarchical.
Many junior faculty contracts are fixed term and cannot (even in principle) be made permanent. As the professor in charge of such people, you would inevitably feel bad watching your junior staff applying continually for permanent positions (of which there are very few in Germany).
Lots of pressure (at least in the sciences) to produce impactful fashionable work and to bring in grants. Agree with Multishirking though that German research can be weaker than that in the UK (less creative, less original).
In universities teaching/admin load can be very high; top scientists tend to be in research institutes instead. On the other hand if you are a professor (W3+) you will tend to have a lot of junior staff/research staff working under you.
Not sure it is particularly worse for women in sciences than in the UK; probably a bit worse because of the pyramid system (i.e a few at the top), compared with the UK system where more make it to the top ranks.
Overall I wouldn't be particularly tempted by the German system, even entering at the top of the pyramid. I couldn't live with the mistreatment of junior staff - many of them are forced to quit academia in their mid to late 30s, when they cannot find permanent positions. But this may not happen so much in the research field of OP. I'm also not sure that I would have the cultural knowledge to deal with the politics of the German academic system.
BTW traditionally STEM/economics have been regarded much more highly in Germany than humanities and social sciences, which in turn meant that the students entering the latter were rather weak. Maybe Multishirking can comment on whether this is still true.