https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/news/chinese-spacecraft-makes-first-landing-moon-s-far-side-ncna954066
In 2024 the Chinese landed a probe on the car side of the moon to collects samples Nd also took many iphotos on the way down. The dark side of the moon has been seen by many humans it was simply that probes took the photos.
Since the 1970s there have been a myriad of probes and satellites that have been around the moon and scientifically we know a great deal about it.
So why Artemis? The flight has established no specific gain of note but has shown as can send humans safely into space (which really is the accomplishment). I personally think there has been a great deal of hyperbole.about this mission and it like all space endeavours with humans been as much about US national dominance and pride as much as general scientific benefit for humanity.
Ask scientists how they would have spent the cash and I am sure they would have suggested more space telescopes, gravity wave detectors etc. To discover fundamental secrets of the universe.
Artemis 2......a significant human moment or a high price US PR project with the aim of beating the Chinese and showing t they have the most impressive space program in the world (alongside the military as Trump often mentions currently)?