I finished school 1990, so just ahead of the National Curriculum.
I was definitely taught punctuation, including semi-colons. I was taught the parts of speech, and around age 11 was taught about subject - object - indirect object and subordinate clauses (which I believe fronted adverbial are a part of, but don't quite me on that; they didn't exist in my day.) We also had weekly spelling tests from a young age. I knew about tenses, at least in the sense of past, present and future.
I also had Granny, who, in response to a letter in which I had said I had been "practicing my violin" (a thrilling letter, no doubt,) wrote back to tell me practice was a noun, and practise was the verb, so I had been practising, not practicing. My mother would often say things like "fewer, not less" and "yes, you can do that, but may you?" so I learned a sense that different words can convey slightly different meanings.
Also, we didn't have a TV, so I read all the time - including Laura Ingalls Wilder, where in Little Town on the Prairie, she has to parse a sentence to become a teacher, and something about that really grabbed me for some reason, the way she could break down a whole sentence and explain exactly what each word was doing.
Then I started learning French, and then Latin, and I learnt a lot more about grammar. I have since learnt other languages and qualified as a TEFL teacher - where my knowledge stood me in good stead, even while a fellow trainee asked what was wrong with "could of" - so I explained about auxiliary verbs (while crying a little inside.)
As an adult, as well as learning languages at evening classes, I read books about linguistics and grammar for fun, and I'll happily have conversations about things like the subtleties of meaning implied with the subjunctive.
I try not to do so unless invited these days. 😀