– What takes up the biggest share of the welfare budget?
Spending on pensioners.
Some £150.7 billion was spent on pensioners in 2024/25, accounting for nearly half (48%) of the total welfare budget.
Besides the state pension, this spending also includes pensioner housing benefit, pension credit and the winter fuel payment.
The next largest chunk of spending goes on Universal Credit, which made up 28% of the 2024/25 budget (£87.8 billion
Why is welfare spending rising?
The OBR identifies two main drivers of the increase.
The first is higher spending on pensioners.
This is because of the UK’s ageing population and the “triple lock”,
Of the forecast £60.4 billion extra spending on welfare in 2029/30, pensioners are responsible for just over half of the amount, at £31.3 billion (51%)
Spending on disability benefits, which includes disability living allowance and personal independence payments, accounts for £14.9 billion (25%) of the £60.4 billion extra spending on welfare in 2029/30.