This genuinely isn't my experience- the stuff about apathy.
My KS3 students love my subject, they are very enthusiastic, and they enjoy it. They show real enthusiasm in my lessons and want to do well.
My Y9s are a bit different. They didn't have consistent teaching last year, and obviously had interruptions due to the pandemic. They're not apathetic, but they do have huge gaps in their learning, and they know this. They're reluctant to try- not because they don't care, but because they are worried about getting things wrong. They know how much they don't know but not how to solve it.
My GCSE groups are similar. They really want to do well, a lot of them really care BUT they have huge gaps, and they know this. If anything, some of them put themselves under too much pressure, to the point of making themselves ill. There are some of them who appear apathetic, but I don't think it's about not caring. It's about self preservation. If they try, and still fail, they don't know how to deal with that.
I also teach quite a bit of KS5. Obviously they've chosen my subject, so they've got a lot of enthusiasm, but some of them have really missed out in the past few years. A lot have come from other schools, and have major gaps. I don't have time to plug these gaps, and I do still get from Y12, "Oh, that was taken off our GCSEs, so we don't know it."
I try and offer as much support to them as I can, to try and get the ones who are struggling up to speed. The problem is, doing that takes me away from a lot of other things I "should" be doing, and I'm stretching myself very thin. For me, KS5 is my priority + Y11, obviously. I know I'm letting down students further down the school BUT I know can't do anything else on top of what I'm already doing without burning myself out. And that's the hardest thing.