What is going on in schools is that there is an extreme range of need being pushed into mainstream.
Cause of the range of need could be the following things: covid, rise in children living in poverty, cost of living crisis, a quite dull curriculum, a decade of Tory government stripping support services to the bone, screens used to placate children at home, shoddy parenting, removal of Sure Start, the fact that we understand differing needs more than we did x number of years ago.
Whatever the cause however, these children are presenting in school with a lot of special needs. The curriculum is too full in primary and in many secondary subjects, but these children are supposed to be keeping up. Lessons are hard to plan for children with differing academic needs, let alone if you have to include behavioural, emotional, social needs and the 'input' from parents too as part of your every day classroom offer. Children don't get their needs addressed by outside agencies, so more support is pushed onto the school. Teachers and TAs are not specialists in everything, so the workload to do 'something' for each child in an attempt to meet their needs, is high.
Salaries have reduced in real terms over the last 10 years, funding to schools has reduced over the last 10 years, making the provision of this support even harder to pay for, let alone provide for effectively. No training budgets, not enough support staff, more work for teachers in order to plan 'something'. Teachers don't want to be teachers anymore because salaries aren't as good as comparable graduate level jobs, so non-specialists are teaching subjects they don't know well - more workload. Primary schools are drowning in kids with undiagnosed needs, lots in nappies or non verbal, no space to locate all these needs without making other children feel unsafe (and adults feel unsafe). So existing teachers start considering their options. 10% PPA isn't enough to plan for all these needs, so they constantly feel they aren't doing their job well enough, and end up working mad hours. Teachers go slowly mad, via angry, and end up leaving the profession. Fewer teachers = more stress for those left behind.
Meanwhile, buildings are literally crumbling and exposing asbestos.
I haven't even mentioned Ofsted, but we'll leave it there.