There are a lot of regional differences and even within the same metro area you can get different housing standards and regulations (housing code) before even getting into homeowner's associations rules on how houses must be kept. Just the UK, prices range widely and when discussing house prices in US, the property tax is an important to consider which is often a lot more expensive than UK council tax (the Midwestern area I'm from, it's currently over $5k a year), plus in some areas there are homeowner's association fees.
Most of the houses I knew growing up in the Midwest with family in the south were open planned on the main floor except bedrooms and obviously bathrooms. It's really common to just have big archways between rooms in those areas, no doors even on the kitchen.
Laundry is less often in the kitchen, but there isn't always a utility - in some areas, it's just generally expected for washing machines and dryers to go in the basement. This sucks, for many reasons, though sometimes there are laundry chutes which help with that but still have to lug it all back up.
Screens are great, though not everywhere uses them. Also, windows can be weird - in some areas they can be really long and skinny and sometimes with no parts that opened (and if they did, it was slide open) while others have big and open in like a door (which I took full advantage of as a teenager). Never saw ones like I usually see in the UK with the half fixed, half flap -- the whole windows open out was something that confused me when I immigrated here and I sometimes find it frustrating when the wind catches a window and opens them beyond what I can reach.
I find radiators more effective than the air systems I grew up with, but I find ceiling fans and box fans more effective than the pedestal fans that are normal in the UK - but the different house configurations may plan into that. Those open plan spaces can be hard to heat but moving air around them is easier.
Never had a wardrobe before coming to the UK, though I always had a chest of drawers for most clothes. As a child, closets were where we put the nice clothes that needed to hang and toys, we'd have a toy boxes in there and all our stuff had to fit into them other than stuff animals on the bed. This was really common for those I knew.
It wasn't entirely uncommon growing up to not always have fences between property - my grandparents and the house behind them had the 'property line' marked by a little tree - and chain link fences are quite common in many areas and it was entirely a thing for children to climb the fences and run through open undivided up yards to get from place to place.
For the sidewalks - yes in some areas, it's because it's expected everyone will drive, but in others it's generally expected for people to walk at the edge of the lawn or next to the curb on the road. I lived on a road that had no sidewalk in a school district that was so small everyone was expected to walk to school. There is a reason why 'get off my lawn' is a common phrase of cranky neighbours on US TV - sometimes it's the lawn or the street and some people get real protective of their lawns.
Also, a duplex (semi-detached-ish), triplex, quadplex - they're usually all owned by the same person with some-to-all being rented out and there is a weird thing now of 'house hacking' which is basically Americans telling everyone else they should buy these places to make money when it seems very few other places work like that.
One of the oddest things I've seen in a US home is a through bathroom - which means it had a door basically on each side so you'd need to lock both, but you could walk through the bathroom to get from the front of the house to the back. You could also get through on the other side via the dining room. It can feel at times in some parts of the US like they try to avoid hallways as much as possibly for non-bedroom areas so make through rooms instead, but the bathroom one was odd.