OK. Now I've typed and previewed this post I realised how very, very long it is 
please just scroll on past if you aren't interested in chargers . . . .
Here's some info on chargers -
It's difficult to answer your question about how long it takes to get a full charge for a few different reasons. Firstly, unlike a petrol/diesel car you don't tend to wait for it to get empty before you fill it up. People have different views on this but generally it's good to keep the battery level between 20% and 80% - below 20 and it can start to affect the performance of the car (although I haven't really noticed this) and above 80 the battery is getting full - it isn't very good for the battery if you do this too often and it also affects regeneration. Regeneration is where the energy used to slow the car when breaking is transferred back into the battery and obviously if the battery is full already there's nowhere for it to go. I usually wait until I get to about 25% and then I'll top it up but only to 80% unless I'm going to do a long trip the following day and I'll then take it up to 90%.
Other things which affect the charging is the outside temperature, the battery takes longer to charge when it's cold (and you get much less range), the temperature of the battery (Teslas preheat the battery for Supercharging to make the charging process quicker - I'm not sure if other cars do this, they may do), the current state of charge of the battery also makes a difference - if the battery has a fairly small amount of charge it will charge much faster than if it's fuller. It really slows down at 80%. A good analogy that I've seen is filling up a football stadium - when you open the doors and everyone rushes in it's easy for people to find a seat, as it fills up and there are less seats free it gets harder for people to find the spare seats. Therefore you wouldn't really charge over 80/90% on a public charger as it would slow down too much.
Most cars (if not all) that you would buy in the UK now have a Type 2 charger. Some also have the possibility of charging using a CCS cable which is a socket which fits either a type 2 cable or a CCS cable. The CCS ones are the Rapid chargers (inc Superchargers). If you are doing long journeys this is what you really need so you avoid long stops for charging.
The slowest type of charger is one that you can plug into a normal 3 pin socket (but not via an extension lead) it will take a long while to fully charge - you are talking over 24 hours I think. Lots of people successfully use these to charge up if they only do a small number of miles and don't have a home charger. Also useful if you are staying away from home overnight but have a 3 pin socket that you can plug in.
Home chargers are generally 7kW (although some, particularly older ones, might be slower). To charge my car from 20% to 80% takes about 4.5 hours. You can sometimes get a grant for one of these.
The ones which are often free at supermarkets and attractions are usually (but not always) 7kW and therefore, although free, you don't really get a lot of mileage from them, unless you are staying a long time.
There are also Rapid chargers which provide anything up to 350kW which obviously will charge a lot faster. Superchargers are the Tesla branded Rapid chargers but these can only be used by Teslas. Rapid chargers have a cable tethered to the charger and are mostly CCS chargers. I used one of these today and it took 35 mins to charge from 28% to 90%. Initially charging at 111kW but slowing down to about 40kW by the end of the charge.
There are other chargers between the 7kW and the Rapids but I don't really know much about those as I don't tend to use them.
It's also important to note that your car will also have a charging speed limit. So I think mine is something like 120kW - so if I plugged into a 350kW charger it wouldn't ever charge at 350kW as I'd only get a maximum of 120.
Sometimes the actual supply of electricity to the charger means that it doesn't work as fast as it could - some chargers are in pairs so if someone plugs into the one next to you the charge is shared which slows it down.
There are a couple of websites which list chargers and you can filter them by type (so I tend to filter out all but the rapid ones). You can also see information about price and whether you need a membership card or if you can pay using contactless or an app. I use Zap-Map but there's also PlugShare which others rate.
As I mentioned before I highly recommend abetterrouteplanner.com which is a bit like google maps but with charger points on!
Sorry for the long post!