I think it is quite normal for friendships to jiggle around at this age, and perhaps slim down from larger groups to smaller ones. Being excluded can be a very hurtful thing, but is it more a mutual drifting away if your DD has different interests and still has other friends to play with? You say your DD is soft and nice, reading between the lines these friends are being mean to her, so isn’t it better to encourage her to see that they aren’t true friends if they treat her badly simply for not having a phone? Is your DD begging you for a phone so she can fit in, or is she happy without one?
In some ways, if a lot of her friends have an exciting new pastime (playing on their phone) then of course she is excluded if she can’t join in those conversations. If they don’t cheerfully include her again when the subject changes, she does need to move on and focus on playing with her few remaining friends who don’t have a phone. You will find this becomes a vanishingly small group, as she moves toward year 6.
Try to encourage your DD to look positively at the remaining friendships and foster these as actively as possible. I know that is hard in lockdown, maybe there is a friend who happens to go to your local playground sometimes?
I have personally relented on my rules about phones during 2020, for DD in Y5. I notice a lot of mums have done the same. My DD literally cannot otherwise speak to four of her best friends who are in different classes and so bubbled separately from her, unless they chat on Skype. They play Roblox, but they don’t have access to TicToc or WhatsApp or Insta. I supervise loosely, and basically they have VR playdates on games like AdoptMe which are essentially harmless. It is rather lovely hearing them play online together. COVID has broken two of her close friendships, simply because she can’t keep in touch with girls who she is not bubbled with and who don’t have phones. Who knows if in 2021 things will relax and she can pick up these old friendships, I rather expect it won’t happen and every one will have moved on.
Equally my DD has managed to stay friends with some girls she has a lot in common with, but who don’t have phones. It is just lucky that we see these girls at clubs which have gone online in lockdown, or we see them at the school gates for a few minutes.
I know other mums who have banned the use of phones and instead are breaking the lockdown laws to let one special friend come over for play dates. I still see a number of kids going to play dates together, and obviously bubbles are broken at after school club. So there are your options!
I am sympathetic to your decision not to allow a phone, but yes, you are making life harder for your DD to make connections out of school. You haven’t chosen the easy path.