Tube station supervisor here.
Thanks @HundredMilesAnHour I was going to mention the maps!
Tube staff are trained to assist customers with extra needs. I have helped visually impaired customers, mobility impaired customers, people with mental health problems, and I've even planned a route from Clapham Common to Seven Sisters avoiding escalators (the customer was petrified of them). We can help you plan your journey, we can help you get the right train and we can ring ahead to your destination station to ask staff there to meet you and navigate up to street level. Please ask us to help you. It's part of our job to make the Tube accessible to everyone.
If you are on Twitter follow @TfLAccess.
Buses are also very accessible. If you carry an aid or have an assistance dog, other passengers are usually good about giving up their seat. The bus stops are verbally announced, but if you are not sure where to get off the bus, ask the driver, and they can alert you.
Aldgate/Whitechapel area: Brick Lane tends to be over-rated and geared towards a tourist trade with no return custom. I have had better curries in other parts of London. Dishoom is very good, but expect to wait. I've heard good things about Chutney Mary's near St James's Palace, Veeraswamy near Regent St (the oldest curry house in London) and Gymkhana in Mayfair too.
Otherwise, in the area, look out for the East London Mosque and Whitechapel gallery. Walking further down, see the street market and Royal London Hospital, home to the Elephant Man story, and opposite, the Blind Beggar pub, where the Kray brothers once hung out. Walking back towards Petticoat Lane and the City, get a bagel from Beigel Bake, the longest running and best bagel shop in London. They are open 24 hours.
Have a great visit!