(namechange for this)
Echoing another poster, a key thing to realise is that it's changed out of all recognition since Boris and Dave, or William and Harry, were there. In those days it wasn't an academically selective school. Now it is. They like to say they don't just select on academics, and I'm sure that's true; but last I heard there were more than 6 applicants per place, and most of those come from prep schools where as a matter of pride the heads will not "allow" boys to apply unless they think they are academically strong enough, so the applicant pool is heavily pre-selected. Even if they want other things as well, boys at Eton are generally very bright and the top end is phenomenal.
At the same time it absolutely isn't an exam factory - indeed perhaps that's because it's so selective; it doesn't have to focus on exams to get good results. (It doesn't get absolutely the best - 38% A-star at A level, 21% D1 at Pre-U this year, before any re-marks - but there's no question that someone capable of getting top grades and willing to work for them will end up in classes with plenty of company from boys also going for top grades.)
Boys get a lot of responsibility to plan their own time and work. Unlike Winchester (for example) there's no designated time when everyone must be working. They each have their own room, and several afternoons a week there are no lessons. They are expected to do some exercise but have a lot of choice about how much they really do, and what. Mine struggled a bit to start with to balance gaming with everything else, but better to do that struggle at 13 than 18...
Pastoral care anywhere is going to depend a lot on the individuals involved, but our experience has been fine (not that we've had occasion to know really - DS took to boarding like a duck to water and hasn't really had any problems). It's noticeable that there's a systematic effort to encourage the boys (even or especially the geeks) to develop social skills.
Many of the parents are rich but a surprising number are not - the school offers a lot of financial support. The boys, at least in my son's house, don't seem to notice or care - I think I've picked up more about who's rich and who's not, from brief meetings at parents' things, than my son does from living with the boys. In any case, the teachers are mostly pretty normal which is what matters. Teaching, as far as I can gather from what my son says and what I see of his work, is challenging and stimulating; not wildly different from what other good schools would do, but classes never have more than about 20 boys in, often fewer, top sets don't worry much about syllabuses, and regular one-one conversation sessions in modern languages are the norm, for example. The school is of course extremely well equipped.
Lots of extracurricular stuff available of all kinds - sport, music, clubs for everything.
Last: it's big (e.g., much bigger than Winchester) - 260 boys in each year.
Can't think of anything else to say. Happy to try to answer questions.