German, Swiss and Austrian superstitions

[pastimperfect]

DC has to write an essay about superstitions in German-speaking countries. We've been able to find out about some, but we're struggling to find the reasons behind the superstitions and whether they are still observed.

So now I'm wondering if the collective power of Mumsnet can help us? Or at least point us in the direction of websites that can do more than tell us it's bad luck to walk between two old ladies, but what we might be risking.

Germany - bad luck to wish someone Happy Birthday before the day, so no saying 'HB for tomorrow.'

If you light a cigarette from a candle a sailor will die.

Bad luck not to look someone in the eye when toasting.

Bad luck to give shoes or knives as a present.

If you trip up you have to go back and walk over the place again.

Plus ladders/black cats/mirror breaking = bad luck.

Reasons - forgot.

There's also spilling salt brings dad luck because it used to be expensive.

Sailors/fishermen used to make matches while waiting for a catch so if you don't use a match you'd be lessening their income.

Birthday as you never know what could happen.

Shoes - if you give them then it's your fault if the person walks away/cuts contact.

Knifes would indicate cutting a friendship.

The others are the same as the English ones.