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Bonding with your baby: gentle steps to building a stronger attachment

Bonding with your baby isn't always instant and can take time. Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist Marie Derome shares her advice on bonding with your baby, the steps you can take to building a stronger attachment, and where to go if you need support.

By Marie Derome | Last updated Jun 5, 2025

Baby holding mother's index finger

Will I love my baby? Will I know how to look after my baby? Will I be a good parent? These are just some of the worries parents may grapple with when they welcome a new baby into the family.

The expectation that bonding with our babies is instant can send us into a spiral of stress and guilt, especially if our reality feels different to what we envisioned. It’s okay to acknowledge that it isn’t always easy and there are steps you can take to build a stronger attachment with your baby.

1. Bonding is a slow process and it's normal not to bond with your baby right away

There is an expectation that we should bond with our babies straight away and that if we don’t it must be because there is something wrong with us. 

Bonding with your baby is a slow process and can take time. It is by spending time with your baby, looking after them, interacting with them and playing with them that you will gradually get to know one another.

Tip: Don’t panic and take your time: research has shown that it generally takes three months for the majority of parents (73% of mothers and 88% of fathers) to fully bond with their babies.*

2. Our new parent brain is designed to bond

Caring for a baby requires an incredible amount of focus, strength and resilience. That is why a new mother's brain goes through a reshaping during and after pregnancy that is even more radical than during puberty.

Some parts of our brain expand to make us more vigilant, whereas other parts - for example the bits that deal with short-term memory - shrink. That’s why we might find it hard to remember the title of a book but, when we are with our babies, we can notice the most minute changes in their facial expressions and respond to them accurately. All this physiological reorganisation is making us an expert at reading our babies non-verbal cues.

Both our production of oxytocin (the love/social hormone) and dopamine (reward hormone) increase dramatically. This helps us to become curious about our babies and empathic to their needs, so that we find their smiles and that 'newborn smell' a delight.

But it is not just the mother’s brain that changes. Our co-parent’s brain also goes through a similar shake-up process. The more invested in the pregnancy they are, and the more hands-on they are once your baby is here, the more dramatic that shake-up is, making parenting together easier and more enjoyable. 

But let’s not forget that even though we are biologically made to bond with our babies, it doesn’t mean that, emotionally, it’s an easy thing to do and lots of things can get in the way (see point 5).

Tips: How to boost the bonding hormones:

  • Regular skin-to-skin contact (holding your naked baby on your chest)

  • Baby massage

  • Lots of cuddles

  • Eye contact and smiling at your baby

  • Imitating and responding to their facial expressions and their babbling

3. Our babies are fully active participants in the bonding process from day one

The good news is that, when it comes to bonding, we as parents don’t have to do all the work. Our babies are not passive beings waiting for us to mould them. On the contrary, they have intention and purpose. Their movements are not ‘just reflexes’ or their smiles ‘just wind’. 

From the moment they are born, our babies want to form a relationship and bond with us. Indeed, they need this in order to survive. Not able to say words yet, they have mastered the art of non-verbal communication and use their whole body to ‘talk’ to us. They tell us how they feel and what they need with their arms, legs, hands, feet and face (with its dozens of muscles), as well as their mouth, nose, eyes and eyebrows.

So what they need from us is simply to be curious (we have our new brain for that), observe them carefully and even let them take the lead. If we can listen and be curious enough to understand what they are saying, we will see that, from their earliest moments, they are very good at telling us what they need. 

Tips

  • Before jumping into action, pause and observe your baby, notice the subtle changes in their facial expressions or in the movement of their arms and legs

  • Try to imagine how they feel in their body when they are hungry, tired, when they sneeze, or when they hear a loud noise

  • Follow their gaze to see what they are looking at and try to imagine what might be going on in their mind…

  • …and, of course, talk to them and acknowledge what they might be feeling.

4. Bonding is done through everyday tasks 

Some more good news: we don’t need to invent new activities and games to bond with our babies and create that special relationship. 

Bonding mostly happens through the daily tasks of caring for your baby. It is when you feed them, change their nappy, bathe them, get them dressed and undressed, put them to sleep, play with them, take them for a stroll and show them the blossoms in the trees that you really get to know them. 

It is the way you respond to their needs, their cries, their yawns and their smiles that gives them the special feeling of being loved. So it is through the daily act of caring for your baby that you will steadily get to know them and love them for who they are.

Tips

  • Value each interaction with your baby however routine it may feel

  • Involve them with the different daily tasks, tell them what is going on and what you are about to do

  • Share with them how you imagine they might be feeling during these interactions, i.e. when you change their nappy, or when you slowly lower them in the warm bath water, or when they cry or smile at you…

  • …and smile back!

5. Bonding is also a very fragile process

Bonding is a slow and sometimes fragile process that can easily be disrupted by external factors, such as emotional, financial or domestic stresses, a traumatic birth, early separation, difficulties in feeding, previous mental health issues, past trauma or a difficult childhood. These stressful external factors can distort how we see or hear our babies. Their cries can suddenly feel very judgmental and all we hear is: “You are a rubbish mum.”

A 2023 survey revealed that more than 1 in 10 mothers struggle to bond with their baby in the first year.

The feeling that we do not love our babies or that our babies do not love us can easily lead to postnatal depression (PND). If you feel this is happening, it’s important to find professional help. This is especially the case if you find it difficult to share these feelings with family or close friends. 

Exploring those difficult feelings with a medical professional allows you to understand the roots of these feelings. It lessens their powerful grip, allowing you to gradually to see and hear your baby's cries for what they are: a cry that says: “Mummy, I need you. I cannot live without you. I love you.”

Tips: 

  • Try to remember that your baby doesn’t judge you and that, for them, you are the most important person in the world 

  •  It is your internal critic that is judging you, and that can come from many places or past experiences, but not your baby

  • If you are worried and suffering, don’t hesitate to contact your GP or health visitor, or visit the links below.

Resources and where to go for support

  • Mind: a charity that offers mental health support.

  • The Birth Trauma Association offers an online search tool for a therapist specialised in birth trauma in your area.

  • The Association of Child Psychotherapists (ACP) offers online search for a child psychotherapist in your area who could help with postnatal depression or any aspect of the bonding relationship between parents and their babies.

  • Dad Matters provides support for dads suffering from anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

  • PaNDAS (Postnatal Depression Awareness and Support): a charity that offers support to every parent or network affected by perinatal mental illness (call 0808 196 1776).

  • Association for Postnatal Illness (APNI): The helpline is open from 10am to 2pm (call 0207 386 0868), or email [email protected] for advice on the management and treatment of postnatal illness. They also put women in touch with other mothers who have suffered from PND.

Marie Derome and What Your Baby Want You to Know book

About the author

Marie Derome is the author of What Your Baby Wants You to Know: The Art and Science of Bonding with Your Child. She is Child & Adolescent Psychotherapist and a Lecturer in Infant Observation & Child Development at Exeter University. She trained at the Tavistock Clinic in London and worked in CAMHS in Bristol. She now supports parents who are struggling to bond with their babies in her independent clinic in East Devon. 

Before her career change, Marie worked for the BBC World Service as a Foreign Correspondent and wrote for the French newspaper Liberation. Originally from France, Marie now lives with her husband on a small farm in Devon where they have raised their four children.

*Swain JE, Lorberbaum JP, Kose S, Strathearn L. Brain basis of early parent-infant interactions: psychology, physiology, and in vivo functional neuroimaging studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2007 Mar-Apr;48(3-4):262-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01731.x. PMID: 17355399; PMCID: PMC4318551.

Author image credit: Ben Knight