I hope it helps to record here what Kishwer Falkner, Chair at Equality and Human Rights Commission, actually said about GRCs at the WESC on 11 June.
Women and Equalities Committee
Oral evidence: Work of the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC) (2024-25 session), HC 942
Wednesday 11 June 2025
Transcript mentions of "GRC" and "Gender Recognition Certificate":
Page 5
Rachel Taylor: Welcome to the Committee. It is my first time interviewing you and you are very welcome here. The EHRC has been saying that there is an incompatibility between the Gender Recognition Act and the Equality Act. To what extent has the Supreme Court judgment resolved those concerns and brought clarity?
Baroness Falkner of Margravine: I do not think we said there was an incompatibility — that was possibly another group. We said that the practical implementation of the Equality Act was made very difficult by the differential uses of sex and gender within the Equality Act 2010 itself. We are not the regulator of the Gender Recognition Act; I just want to clarify that. But the Supreme Court judgment, looking very narrowly at only the Equality Act for the purposes of its statutory interpretation, found that the meaning of sex in the Act, rather than gender, was the meaning that should apply for the purposes of the Equality Act 2010. That has given us clarification.
Our advice in our intervention to the Court itself did not say that. Our advice until that point had been different because we recognised a different category. In addition to a man and a woman — female and male — we recognised a third category, which was legal sex. We thought that a man or a woman’s legal sex — in other words the sex at birth — was also augmented by people who had gender recognition certificates, whereby once they had a gender recognition certificate, that small group of people could also be defined as the sex that they had acquired as a process of transition. We were inaccurate in that regard, which the Supreme Court has clarified.
Page 11
Baroness Falkner of Margravine:
"The Supreme Court judgment itself said it does not cause disadvantage to trans people, with or without a GRC. It said that in the light of case law interpreting the relevant provisions, a trans woman would be able to invoke the provisions on direct discrimination and harassment, and indirect discrimination. So, when the Supreme Court itself is saying, “You have not lost a right,” I do not see why this particular group of people would become so fearful. The rights that exist are rights in terms of exemptions to single-sex services, and separate sex services have always been there in the Equality Act. We can say to you unequivocally that in our interpretation of the Act trans people have not lost any rights, as the Supreme Court has informed us and the whole country."
Page 15-16
Baroness Falkner of Margravine:
"Let us be clear, this Supreme Court ruling only covers 8,464 people: the holders of GRCs. So in terms not of disadvantaging but changing things, those are the people affected but the level of agitation that they can cause in terms of personal attacks, libellous attacks, defamation where our family members are affected, and our intimate family members have to think about how they are going about their place of work and so on, has to stop."
Page 30
Baroness Falkner of Margravine:
"From our perspective, it is not the numbers that are relevant, although as I have said earlier, sex covers the entire population of the country, and here we are talking about the impact on 8,464 people who hold GRCs."
https://committees.parliament.uk/event/23501/formal-meeting-oral-evidence-session/
In short, if a bit repetitive:
Everyone "trans" who was covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment before the Supreme Court ruling is still covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment, both those with a GRC and those without a GRC.
The definition of Gender Reassignment in the Equality Act 2010 is taken from the Gender Recognition Act 2004, which refers only to male and female sexes and genders.
(Ms R Taylor v Jaguar Land Rover Ltd: 1304471/2018 established that although "non-binary" and "gender fluid" cannot be the endpoints of "gender reassignment" under the GRA2004 they can however be considered to be part of a transition process, so they can be "trans" according to the EA2010.)
Trans people who fall within definition of the GRA2004 but do not have a GRC were, and still are, covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment - but they were never thought by the EHRC to have "changed sex" for the purposes of the Equality Act. Therefore the Supreme Court was not concerned with this larger cohort of "uncertificated" trans people who are covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment.
Under 10,000 people currently do have a GRC and they remain covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment. What has been clarified by the SC ruling is that this smaller cohort of people who do a GRC have not "changed sex" as far as the Equality Act is concerned.
Legally, for the purposes of the Equality Act, those with a GRC who are born male remain male and those with a GRC who are born female remain female. They all remain covered by both the PC of Gender Reassignment AND the PC of Sex - as per their birth sex.
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A recurrent theme and misunderstanding, including in questions put to Kishwer Falkner by some WESC members on 11 June, is that the Supreme Court was tasked with clarifying what rights are covered by the PC of Gender Reassignment.
What the Supreme Court was actually concerned with was clarifying who is a man (male) and who is a woman (female) under the PC of Sex.