Interesting question above about height and no detrimental effect of periods, pregnancy on atheletes who might externally appear female and not have testosterone-derived male advantage, but IMO to ban them from women's sport would be to open the door to discriminating on height and fertility grounds against all women and no doubt people with that DSD have competed in women's sport for decades, having been raised female and not known any different
It would not open the door to discriminating against women on height and fertility fertility grounds. CAIS males are taller because their male-specific DSD means they are not responsive to the testosterone which puts a brake on growth. The reason they do not have periods is because they are male - they're not supposed to have periods. Their AIS is irrelevant to that - women are carriers of the genetic mutation that causes AIS and are unaffected.
From the NHS site:
The AIS gene is found on the mother's X chromosome. As the mother has 2 X chromosomes, the normal chromosome is able to make up for the faulty one. This means she's a carrier of the AIS gene, but does not have AIS and is able to have children.
https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/androgen-insensitivity-syndrome/causes/#:~:text=The%20AIS%20gene%20is%20found,is%20able%20to%20have%20children.
The CAIS males' advantage of height and lack of periods is because they are male. Women's competition was created to exclude male advantage. External appearance doesn't matter. Healthy women do respond to testosterone. Our ovaries make more testosterone than oestrogen. Zero response to testosterone is as abnormal for women as it is for men.
We (including the scientists) have to stop defining women as people who look like women. We are not ushering the many masculine-looking sportswomen into male sport because they could pass, are we? Women are female human beings, of the sex which has the function (even if impaired) of producing large gametes.
and no doubt people with that DSD have competed in women's sport for decades, having been raised female and not known any different
For decades? And not known any different? Unlikely, and in any case irrelevant to eligibility for the female category in sport.
I understand the compassion for male athletes with a DSD but the answer is not to make women and women's sport compensate them for it.