I'm trying to remember exactly what I did when as DS is now 2 and his daytime sleeping is quite a bit better (though he doesn't like going to bed at night now - but that is another story!)
What I did do (though I'm not sure it really helped) was to make a decision that ds's naps were going to be a priority for a while. He almost never slept in the pushchair (even as a small baby) so that was no good - I decided he would need to go in his cot EVERY DAY for a nap. My rules for it were
1 if I had tried an hour and was getting nowhere I would get ds up and try again half an hour or an hour later.
2 Whatever it took to get him to sleep I did (lie down with him, hold him, cuddle, breastfeed, nothing worked consistently but I tried it all)
3 If ds fell asleep and woke up after less than 1 hour or if he woke up crying instead of waking happy I left him to cry for as long as I could stand (sometimes 2 mins, sometimes 10). Often he fell asleep again and slept for up to another hour. I left him to cry because I had reached the end of my tether and I found that my efforts to calm him actually made things worse and he cried more if I got involved. If I couldn't stand to let him cry I'd go to him but that usually meant sleep was over for that nap.
4 I got him in bed by 6pm at the latest every night (not difficult to do as he was so knackered)
5 He was waking regularly at night but I didn't do much about that except let him cry for a few minutes before going in - sometimes he would go back to sleep, sometimes not.
Once I stopped worrying about the early starts and concentrated on getting ds to be well rested by improving his naps things got better - even if it was only my mood.
Actually he did improve after a while and it may have been what I did but I can't say for certain. I would suggest trying to be as relaxed as possible about it but I found this impossible myself and to my shame found myself shouting 'GO TO SLEEP NOWWWWW!!' at the top of my voice on more than one occasion
I didn't try and persevere with the morning nap as at this age it seemed pointless - even though it had takem me about 6 weeks to get him to take a morning nap when he was 6 months old.
Given how early your ds is waking it may be worth trying for you though as a temporrary measure. I would try and get him to go back to sleep 2-3 hours after waking up, that way he isn't too overtired. I would only let him have a short sleep though and then try for a lunchtime nap as well as an early bedtime. At his age the morning sleep is likey to drop soon anyway so you may prefer to have him sleep a longer time just before or just after lunch.
Oh yes I did also take him to a cranial osteopath once a week for 6 weeks. I'm not sure if it helped but I was willing to try anything.
Also in reply to your plea ' Tell me it is just a phase' For my ds it was just a phase (albeit a 2 year one) as he now sleeps pretty well for his naps unless he is staying somewhere new.
Ds has always found it difficult to switch off so he needs a fairly consistent routine as anything new or very different (eg a visit to Granparents this weekend) sends him into a frenzy of excitement and his sleep goes to pot very quickly as a result - hence the two days at my parents house where ds took no nap at all for two days in a row and was awake at least twice each night. There was nothing wrong he was just over-excited.