teach them to... never touch a dog unless you have first asked its owner.
know their name, ncluding surname, and address/phone number, depending on age.
Walk places with them (means getting out of the car!!!), so that they have lots of experience of roads by the time they are big enough to go out by themselves. Telling isn't enough, they need to experience this to be able to judge distances and speed of cars etc.
Always take any knives and sharp objects out of the dishwasher as soon as it has finished its cycle.
Always check 'Which' for the best brands of car seats, buggies and other safety products. I am always shocked when I see people using car seats which are not safe...and the safest brands are not usually the most expensive.
Follow SIDS advice (ditto, am always shocked by people's resistance to it)
Make sure you children know you Not Negotiable Stance on safety issues from when they are very small - eg wearing seatbelts, bike helmets, holding hands on roads, stopping when you say stop. Never, ever compromise on these, and if they step out of line use your most special MonsterMummy voice, saved for occasions such as these.
Model safetly, eg, always wear your own seatbelt and wear a bike helmet.
Don't talk on your phone while you drive. Aaaargh! Its not rocket science!
Within safe limits, try to let you child experience the world so that they can learn good balance and their own limits. A few bruises are good for them as they experiment and learn about gravity!