For reading, 75% of English words are phonically decodable in a straightforward way, (for spelling, only 40% are completely predictable).
Among the 300 most used English words, the proportion of tricky-to-read ones is slightly higher, but in 176 / 300 are amenable to simple phonic decoding. To teach children to read those with anything other than decoding would be stupid, and I have not met a single teacher who did not, or does not, do so. With repeated exposure, most children are able to recognise them as sight words. (That's what all fluent readers are able to do, like u and me.) But initially, most children learn to read those with phonics:
a am an and as at back bad began can cat dad gran granddad
had has hat have magic man ran sat than that that’s
baby came gave made make place take
away day may play say way
car dark garden hard park -
air - because – saw
the bed best end get help her let let’s new next red them then went when yes -
better eggs fell tell well
been feet green keep need queen see sleep three tree trees -
big children did didn’t different fish him his if in is it it’s its king little miss still thing things think this which will wind wish with
birds first girl
inside like liked cried time while, I’ve - by fly my why -
night right
across along box dog floppy fox from got hot
long lots not of off on stop stopped top -
or for horse morning
but duck fun jumped just much mum must run sun under up us
use
about around found house mouse our out round shouted
boy suddenly
The other 124 /300 are trickier. And although the 'phonics must be the only show in town' evangelists will shout at me for pasting in words again, I don't know how else I can make this clear:
man can... - any many all called small - want wanted was what water - after all asked called can’t fast last plants - said
gave make ... - have are
because ... - laughed
the - be he he’s me she we we’re
even here these ... - ever every everyone never there there’s were where
they ... - eyes key ;
each eat please tea .... - great head ready bear;
big wind ... - find I’ll I’m
while ... - live lived river
cried ... - friends
box dog fox... - cold old told - another coming don’t most mother oh once only other work;
go going no so ... - do into to two who ;
home over .... - one come some something gone;
under up us ...- pulled put;
about around shouted ... - could couldn’t thought through would you your;
food room school soon too ... - book door good look looked looking looks took;
down how now town .... - grow know snow window;
give - giant; people.