It feels like there are elections every year because in many places there are but this is local elections. People will have voted a couple of weeks ago and depending on where they live will have voted for local councillors, mayors and/or Police and Crime Commissioner. The local elections are all about your local area - that could be parish, town, county level. These are the people making decisions about which roads to repair and which libraries to close.
The general election happens every 4-5 years and is usually the chance for our Prime Minister to change. Growing up I would say they happened pretty much like clockwork. Labour were last in power in 2010, at this general election the Tories did not have enough seats to take power by themselves and so they went into a coalition (shared power) with the Lib Dem’s, which is an unlikely pairing as they are both opposite ends of the political spectrum. Tories held most of those seats though and so were the main drivers in change. Another election was held in 2015 and there was a rise of the far right with UKIP gaining a lot of ground. To counter this, the Tories promised a referendum on whether the UK should leave the EU if they were elected in again. The were voted in this time and without needing a coalition. They kept their promise and offered a referendum. The leader of the Tories at the time was David Cameron and when the referendum result was delivered he decided that he was not the person to lead the country through this period.
We didn’t have an election but there was a change in PM. This was done through a leadership contest which was won by Theresa May. She called a snap general election in 2017, so only two years since the previous general election. The Tories won that election but the story party had little confidence in Theresa May and she had two votes of no confidence before finally stepping down and another leadership contest was started. This was won by Boris Johnson. He then called another general election in December 2019. The Tories won that general election.
Since that election Johnson has stepped down as PM, we had another leadership contest which was won by Liz Truss. She was PM for a very short time and we had another leadership contest which was won by Rishi Sunak. Sunak did not have to call a general election until January 2025 and everyone largely believed he would call an election in October/November of this year.
There are a few reasons it is a hot topic/interesting. 1) The polls are indicating that the Tories will lose this election and Labour will be in power. Many people feel that may address some of the failing civil infrastructure we have. Or even if not, most people feel despondent about the state of the country and think a change of leadership might be a breath of fresh air. 2) There is the argument that Rishi Sunak (or Liz Truss) were not our elected leaders. The members of the Conservative Party vote for the leader of the party so it’s not representative of the country. The argument to this is that unless the PM is in your consistency, you don’t actually vote for the leader of the country. You vote for your MP and that party is then in power. However, at least with the leadership clear at a general election you understand that your Conservative vote may contribute to Rishi Sunak being PM or your Labour vote May contribute to Kier Starmer being PM. 3) July is an unusual choice for a general election, so people are trying to work out what prompted that. 4) with 3 general elections and a referendum in 4 and a half years, it feels like this has been a very long time that the public have had no say in how the country is being run. Obviously this is within the timeframe they are allowed but a lot has happened since the previous general election - pandemic, war in Ukraine, cost of living and people feel there should have been a general election earlier to give the people a chance to have a say.
For the civil service and you, it means you will likely have a new minister for your department. This may be true even if the Conservatives win as the minister currently leading the dept May step down or not be elected again. This new minister may be more or less engaged than your current one. If they are more engaged, you should start to feel like your dept is making progress. If less engaged, you’ll feel you’re going backwards. If your dept is not on the depts that is a priority for the party in power in July, there may be redundancies in the department. However, civil service has a good redeployment scheme and they will try to find an alternate role for any people at risk in new departments.