DH is a vet. I was a vet for years. We own three (having taken one on after the tax hikes earlier this year) practices now. I agree with everything that other vets have said.
DH speciality is eyes. Many vets refer their patients to him. Likewise, neither he (nor I when I practiced) would touch PPDH. As a PP said, twenty years ago vets would chance surgeries far more than they will now and part of that is fear of being sued etc. There's more training now than there was then which means expert surgeries cost more.
When you are having any procedures done on your pet, you are not simply paying for the expertise of that vet but also all the other costs: Utility costs, VAT costs, vet nurses in the room, medical equipment (which can be horribly expensive and does not last forever) which also includes drugs etc, receptionist costs, other vet nurse costs (those who don't assist on surgeries), other vet costs (likewise, not all vets do surgery) cleaning costs, various insurances the vet has to factor in. There is a whole world of costs that people rarely see and don't take into consideration. For example, our practices have at least one nurse monitoring pets post-surgery around the clock. We operate our own out of hours service (rather than forcing people to go to VetNow, who charge £200 for even a consultation at night). Things like that cost money. Employing good vets, nurses and receptionists, costs money.
As someone, rather cruelly, said to me at the end of last year when I was worried that Starmer's tax hikes would be the end of DH business, 'you're running a business, not a charity.' And I think a lot of people forget that because medical care is free for humans.