Root learning and school is an interesting point.
From primary school, memory is part of the education. We had poems or fables to learn by heart almost every week and it actually helped a lot when it was time to learn the time tables. We did them all in a year,
We also have dictation (la dictée) in which the teacher reads a text and we had to write it down.
We had textbooks and whenever we had finished a chapter we would be tested on its content, could be science, history, geography .
Learning all those medieval Kings of France was absolutely a loss of time and neurons!
But today, I appreciate the general culture it gave me.
In history and French , we did a century per year, so Rabelais and Monstequieu, Moliere and Racine the next, Voltaire and Rousseau the following and so on. History starts quite deep in primary school with pre-history and Cromagnon, then the birth of writing with the Sumers, and so on.
In the 12 years of schooling you cover all our planet's past and present. I did a Bac littéraire , which is focused on literature so can't say if root learning is done in maths or science for the last years of high school. It wasn't for philosophy, I wish it had been so !!
Definitely a lot of homework, a lot of tests, an awful lot. We studied a lot. I was in a very demanding Lycée and the teachers had no mercy. Grading was also very strict and the equivalent of A (20/20) was almost never given in a whole year. The highest mark in the class would be a 17, rarely a 18.
Preschool is free in the public system in France. If a fee is required at the maternelle, it is to cover for the canteen, or some material) . There are 3 years of maternelle, but you don't learn to read or do maths, but to use scissors, hold pencils, sit and a lot of craft. You do tracing, of lines and even letters, but no reading . You learn and identify numbers,
For this reason, you don't see many kids around in French cities during the week. Here in Australia it costs $160-200 per day!! What would be charged for more than a month and that's why you see so many kids around . Oh and in Italy and Spain , preschool is also free.
I like the free spirit in the French lycée and the lack of uniform. As long as you are decent, you can wear what you want. Have the hair you want and the earrings you want.
And we don't have assemblies! Or religion classes