I haven't had a chance to read the whole thread, but fwiw my personal view is this:
I think all parents should be paid a childcare 'credit' which they can use towards their childcare costs or towards their expenses if they are SAHPs.
I find it astonishing that there is so little support for staying at home, and wrote to my MP about it. I was provided with a detailed explanation of the government's policies to support parents including parental leave, extended paid maternity leave etc.
Assisting working parents with their childcare costs is fine and good, it brings in revenue for the economy, but is very short-termist (which I suppose governments can afford to be, by the time children have grown up someone else will be in gov't).
I take exception to the argument that parents aren't trained and haven't undertaken supervision like healthcare professionals therefore can't be 'paid'. Obviously this is a complicated area, and there is poor childcare provided by SAHP as well as excellent childcare provided in daycare settings etc, but as a general rule one-to-one consistent care provided by a primary caregiver is preferable to that provided elsewhere - parents love their children, know them inside out, can provide the kind of support (emotional, physical etc) tailored precisely to their unique needs... and young children benefit from it. As they get older the cognitive benefits associated with daycare start to weigh in.
Obviously every family has to evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of their decisions, and it isn't an ideal world so we can't all have what we want.
A non-judgemental childcare credit paid to every parent could be of benefit to everyone - they could just double the child benefit payment. It could be the difference between paying the bills or not to a sahp.