The difficulty is that the sector has become a free market, but one which is constrained by government.
If you think universities should operate as social enterprises and be fostering social mobility (and I think government does have a definite role to play in that) then government needs to provide sufficient funding to make it happen.
The reality is that universities are having to work to attract the best students they can, but are facing a maximum price they can charge which is insufficient to cover costs. That £9.25k isn’t enough for the unis. It feels too much to most families which is why it’s politically difficult to raise it to sensible levels which would cover costs, as the impact will be felt unequally. If government wants large numbers to go and it to be affordable, they have to fund it properly.
At the moment, the free market is at work and is driving the sector to contract. In purely economic terms there are too many places offering certain courses. It’s seen by the fact they can’t fill with quality applicants. They lower the grade tariff or price to fill. The unis that the less advantaged are likely to go to - yes they provide social mobility for some, but not all. But government aren’t funding that social mobility. It’s partly because at certain levels of the market, it’s not very good value. We all know there are some degrees which don’t boost prospects. And yes, arts and cultural skills can deliver huge value to society but aren’t valued or rewarded economically. Government has limited funds and doesn’t want to fund them and for some unis and courses, the unis increasingly find students don’t want to fund them either.
It’s a mess, is the basic point. It’s a mixed up system with mixed messaging and signals going on that is likely to drive a proportion if the sector into the ground at some point…but no-one wants to address it, because so many competing values and costs and ideologies are at play. It’s hugely complex.
We essentially see a society with growing inequality of opportunity and a state which would like to address it but can’t afford to. And so the inequality of opportunity will grow.