There were a couple of private schools in the town I went to school in. People tend tot choose them because they dispense religious (Catholic) instruction and have a broadly religious ethos. They only (at the time) cost about £100 a term (you only paid for the religious instruction bit, everything else was taught by secular state teachers and paid by the state). The thing about France is that
a) everyone, including the pushy middle classes, could get what they want from the state schools
b) the private schools were no better and in many cases worse, so you'd only go private if you had strong religious beliefs.
What's interesting about France is that standards have really dropped over the last 15 years, and expectations have really lowered, and the "pushy middle classes" are now voting with their feet as much as they do in the UK now. Fees are still nowhere as high as in the UK (3000 Euros a year would be a lot for a private school as they are still very much subsidised by the state), but practically everyone I know in France is now sending their child to private school. One is even home-educating hers, which would have been truly shocking in the 70s/ 80s.
Reasons cited are just the same as here: standards and discipline problems. But mostly standards. Given how very strong the state system was, including its vocational education, this is all rather sad. The problems to my mind have been caused by budget constraints and market forces being allowed into what was previously a very state controlled and paternalistic system. People no longer feel as looked after as they used to, and are getting into the habit of looking after themselves more.
I'm afraid this is happening all over Europe as far I know.
Our Spanish friends report similar problems to us in Madrid as well. They are not at all bigoted, quite liberal in fact, but report that shortly after their 15 yr old started state school, by age 8 he ended up in classes in which 75% were non-Spanish speakers; nobody was getting any proper teaching as discipline plummeted due to the fact that many of these children had never been at school, did not speak Spanish, and hardly any actual learning went on. Nobody can convince me that it is OK for a bright 8 yr old child to be sitting learning his own language from scratch instead of learning maths, science and literature. They also voted with their feet and chose to send their children to a state-private school (a bit like in France, in which the teachers are part paid by the gvt).
They, like us back when our children, never in a million years thought they would resort to private school. I felt really quite visceral about it, having been perfectly educated in state school. My husband also started off in the state system, before switching at 6 to private when it became obvious that his highly gifted older brother was never going to fit in at state school. He ended up being taught at prep school with boys 2 yrs older than himself, until he was 12 and switched to a high-achieving private school. I really did not want my children to feel in any superior, wanted to make their own way, etc... What did it for us, after my son spent three years (R, 1, 2) in a class of 35 learning nothing, although the school was lovely, was that the next school he was to go (infant/junior system in that town) did not even have morning break after the end of the first term of yr 3 and had absolutely no PE/ games apart from 1 hour a week music and movement or X-country running. Also the box-ticking worksheet filling no need to think much about what you're doing culture was coming into education at the time.
I can assure you that if our local state school were up to scratch, my children would be there and not where they are at the moment. By up to scratch I mean at the very least that it offered triple science GCSE (they only single or double), entered events like Ten Tors, Maths Olympiad, Science events etc... They do none of this, but pride themselves on being a M1cr0s0ft g@tew@y school. Goodness only what this means, apart from "we don't really do any music or art, only IT". The only department I was truly impressed with there was the maths dept. All the others gave off an impression of dusty neglect.