REALISM
"In Norway: Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) is considered to be the father of modern realistic drama. His plays attacked society?s values and dealt with unconventional subjects within the form of the well-made play (causally related).
Ibsen perfected the well-made play formula; and by using a familiar formula made his plays, with a very shocking subject matter, acceptable. He discarded soliloquies, asides, etc. Exposition in the plays was motivated, there were causally related scenes, inner psychological motivation was emphasized, the environment had an influence on characters? personalities, and all the things characters did and all of things the characters used revealed their socio-economic milieu. He became a model for later realistic writers."
NATURALISM
"The search for naturalism in acting was begun by Russian theatre teacher Stanislavsky. This ended in an obsession with finding completely authentic stage scenery and properties (required to assist the actor in sustaining a role)."
"As early as 1867, the French novelist Émile Zola had called for a rejection of all artifice in the theatrical arts, as in the novel, demanding that plays be faithful records of behaviour?namely, scientific analyses of life. Thérèse Raquin, an 1873 dramatization of his own novel (written in 1867), represents the first consciously Naturalistic drama."