99luft
I’m afraid you’re mistaken. Biological sex is indeed binary in mammals. If you are of the sex which (assuming nothing goes wrong developmentally) would produce ova and could gestate young, you are female. If you are the sex which (again assuming all development were normal) would produce sperm and can ejaculate semen, you are male.
You are perhaps thinking of secondary characteristics typical of each sex which indeed are bimodally distributed.
But a tall woman is no less female than a short one. A man with a micropenis is precisely as male as a man with a magnum. And none of this has to do with personality - it’s entirely unrelated, except to the extent that having been recognized as male or female, we are then socialized into particular sex role stereotypes (“genders”).
Now, what about the various intersex conditions you asked? Well they each are specific and different and have well known and understood mechanisms of biological action.
First to get chromosomes out of the way, it is very simple. If someone has an active SRY gene (the Y linked “male trigger” gene) and one X chromosome, that person will be a standard run of the mill male. If someone has two X chromosomes and no active SRY gene, they will be a standard female.
If someone is XO or XY with an inactive SRY gene they will be a sterile female, these conditions are known as Turner and Swyer syndrome respectively. Such individuals are observed to be female from birth but are infertile (cannot produce ova). Certain other attributes and health issues go along with each condition.
or XXY or XX with a SRY translocation to another chromosome, that individual will have Klinefelter syndrome and will he observed to be male. Klinefelter men can have trouble with fertility but some are still fertile.
Then we have CAIS which is somewhat similar to Swyer. These XY individuals cannot use androgens so like Swyer women will be sterile and appear female from birth. They are XY so if nothing had gone wrong further down (with their androgen receptors), they would have developed male. Instead they have female anatomy and will be observed to be female.
Then there are a variety of disorders that can affect males leading to differences in genitalia. Sometimes in older days their genitals were mistaken for female genitals and horrific surgeries were attempted to “correct” things. Now it is standard in developed nations to do more sophisticated tests throughout early development to ascertain the child’s biological sex if that is in question. Meanwhile the child’s anatomy should be left alone, and there’s no need to “raise” an infant in a particularly masculine or feminine way based on their sex in any case. I assume we agree on that at least!
Hormonal Disorders like PCOS only effect females and absolutely can lead to a lot of very specific fertility and pain issues in the women who have them (in addition to some superficially masculinized traits like facial hair) so it’s a bit rude to insist that all so called “intersex” conditions are completely healthy (or at least it’s wrong to deny others experiences in this regard).
Also, there’s nothing wrong with someone who is born with a disorder or disability, but that does not mean it is not a disorder! If I am born blind or deaf due to a mutation in a gene, that describes a genetic disorder. It’s not an insult.