Is Paterski MTF as it's a male name, Paterska would be the female version, however it could just be as they are American they have anglicised the name.
It's becoming more common to keep one form of the surname for the whole family now in the UK, or at least in my experience. Particularly for second/third generations born in the UK or brits marrying into a polish family (since British names don't have gendered endings), so I don't think that alone is indicative of a transition.
This ruling is horrifying. Absolutely terrifying that the last bastion of protection for these children has failed so miserably. Hopefully this will open more eyes in the public, but for those children it will be too late. They will never be able to grow up and find out who they really are or might have been had they been in a placement that protected them. That chance has been taken away from them and it's heartbreaking.