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New Year, New Fallen Woman: Elizabeth Gaskell's Ruth Readalong

586 replies

BishyBarnyBee · 28/12/2023 07:42

Following the very successful Madame Bovary readalong, we have decided to explore another woman who refused to be bound by contemporary mores.
So shocking at the time, two of Gaskell's friends burnt their copies.

"Elizabeth Gaskell's Ruth (1853) was the first mainstream novel to make a fallen woman its eponymous heroine. It is a remarkable story of love, of the sanctuary and tyranny of the family, and of the consequences of lies and deception, one that lays bare Victorian hypocrisy and sexual double-standards. Shocking to contemporary readers, its radical utopian vision of a pure woman faithfully presented predates Hardy's Tess by nearly forty years."

We will aim for two chapters a week - a weekend chapter and a mid week chapter. If I have time, I'll try and do a ChatGPT chapter summary, but anyone else is welcome to jump in if I haven't got there first.

We start 1st Jan, so if you are up for a bit of Victorian passion, guilt, regret and redemption, sign up here!

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Sadik · 21/03/2024 16:56

I'm too much of a cynic - I reckon his good behaviour would have lasted about ten minutes after they were married. But then I never agree with those who think Fanny should have married Henry Crawford, again I reckon he'd have been a dreadful husband.

Tarahumara · 21/03/2024 14:53

Ha @narniabusiness I was hoping for something along those lines too! Incurable romantic Smile

narniabusiness · 21/03/2024 13:59

Wonderful summary again. Thank you. I’m probably alone in wishing she had accepted his proposal. I want the romantic happy ending where he is stunned by her morals and grace and becomes a reformed character and they all live together happily ever after.

FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 21/03/2024 12:14

I thought that was a brilliant chapter. Ruth shows that she has become a mature woman. While she lives by a strict rmoral code, I feel she knows her own mind and is in control of her actions. Perhaps you could argue that Thurston and Faith have indoctrinated her into their religious beliefs, but she seems confident and happy in herself and it was very satisfying how she told Bellingham to go and get stuffed.

Thanks Bishy for another great summary 🌟

JamesGiantPledge1 · 21/03/2024 11:21

For the first time, I really warmed to Ruth in this chapter. He expects her to be grateful and she refuses to be his play thing. She seems passive no longer but prepared to refuse a man’s wishes.

BishyBarnyBee · 20/03/2024 23:52

Chapter 24

In which Donne makes an offer; Ruth refuses; he makes a better offer; she refuses with contempt; he vows to never annoy her again; she is devastated.

Ruth is convinced that Donne will take Leonard away from her. She considers warning the Bensons but remembers Thurstan's deep anger at her betrayer and knows that he would oppose Donne's election, causing turmoil in their quiet circle. Faith writes that Donne has met Leonard, giving him his watch and chain. Thurstan returns it, furious that Donne tries to bribe them in their own house.

Donne summons her to meet for their child's sake. She is slumped with head bowed when a thought strikes her. She makes an impetuous descent on the level sands - but not far enough for her intent. She catches sight of the little church and sighs out for them to pray for her, then sees Donne moving towards her.

Donne plays on their past happiness, offering a great future for Leonard. She repeatedly rebuffs him, but a deep involuntary sigh, and a little spring in her heart, show us that she is not immune to his pleas. He sees her mood melt when he talks of her tenderly nursing him, and says he will educate Leonard if they can return to those happy days. She tells him she has carried a stain on her soul since their time in Wales.

Encouraged by the fact that she has not reproached him for his conduct, and mistaking her deep penitence for mere social shame, he feels sure he can persuade her. Sher is furious when he says she never loved him. He grasps her arms, saying she must ask him to let go, and she says nothing as her eyes fill with tears. Then the mist parts and she sees a fisherman and tells Donne that this man, known to be a desperate violent man, will protect her. He lets go but threatens her that one word from him will ruin her life. She tells him that if she returns to him she can never teach Leonard God's will, and Donne watches as she walks majestically away.

He follows and offers the highest price of all - he will marry her and take Leonard as his son. He expects to see her face brighten with joy but her head hangs down as she says quietly " I cannot". She tells him she did love him , but can never love him again - the time that scarred her has been nothing to him, and everything she has seen convinces her he is not a man she wants in Leonard's life.

He tells her he will never bother her again and leaves. She climbs up towards the house but collapses in the undergrowth, feeling a desperate desire to see him again. She reproaches herself for speaking so harshly to him, and her heart is haunted by the ghost of their former love. She is so weary she wishes to die, then a blaze of light breaks through her closed lids and the whole western sky is a flame of fire. She is soothed by a sense of God's infinity and finds the courage and strength to go on.

She returns to Eagle Crag and is withdrawn and languid until letters announce the triumphant return of Donne as MP for Eccleston. Jemima summons them home, Ruth learns Leonard is unwell, and she is thrown into a whirlwind of eager, vehement energy. They return to find Leonard alive, but seriously ill.

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FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 20/03/2024 15:08

Me too 😁
Bishy, enjoy your holiday!

Sadik · 20/03/2024 13:40

I'd be interested in a readalong of any of those @cassandre - I love Dangerous Liaisons but haven't read it for years, & both the others sound well worth reading. (Actually, maybe I have read the George Sand one, but if so it would have been 30+ years ago.)

cassandre · 20/03/2024 12:40

Thanks so much @BishyBarnyBee for carrying on posting your summaries from Down Under (and presumably with jetlag!). That's a truly heroic effort.

Yes, suddenly the plot has become nail-biting. It's good to see Ruth not just capitulating to Bellingham-turned-Donne.

The 19th c. Leonard that pops into my mind is Leonard Woolf, husband of Virginia Woolf.

As for other novels about 'fallen women', these are interesting on the French side:

  • The Princesse de Cleves, Madame de Lafayette (17th c.). The young and virtuous heroine falls in love with a man who isn't her husband. She takes the unusual measure of telling her husband that she has feelings for someone else. This has been called the first psychological novel in French, and sparked a lot of debate when it was first published (anonymously).
  • Dangerous Liaisons, Laclos (18th c.). A famous epistolary novel. One of the major plot strands is the libertine Valmont seducing the virtuous Mme de Tourvel. A very complex and interesting work.
  • Indiana, George Sand (19th c.). A young woman, unhappily married, falls in love with someone else (and then someone else again!). It's unclear whether she actually ends up having sex or not, but the novel is still a kind of feminist indictment of unequal marriage. Sand (a pseudonym for a woman writer) had lots of lovers herself in real life, so was in some ways even more daring than her heroine.
Midnightstar76 · 17/03/2024 17:41

Well have just come across another Leonard in another book I am reading Steeple Chasing by Peter Ross as apparently Virginia Woolf’s husband was called Leonard.

Tarahumara · 17/03/2024 07:43

My FIL was a Leonard and he was born in 1939.

Piggywaspushed · 17/03/2024 07:43

I reckon it's a due a come back. I have heard of Baby Percy and Baby Walter recently...

Piggywaspushed · 17/03/2024 07:40

I was surprised by Leonard. I guess it is an old name but it seems very 1940s to me! Certainly never come across one in Victorian literature before. It's not Biblical either which seems surprising for devout Ruth.

StColumbofNavron · 16/03/2024 21:30

I don’t know why but every time I read ‘Leonard’ my brain computes Lionel Blair.

Midnightstar76 · 16/03/2024 16:00

Thanks @BishyBarnyBee. It really has helped me understand what I have just read when I read your summary chapters. I have found the last few chapters a struggle and quite long but chapter 23 has made up for it and it is starting to get more interesting again. I hope Ruth remains with her son and the cad and his spiteful mother don’t end up taking Leonard away. Looking at the worst possible outcome.

StColumbofNavron · 16/03/2024 14:31

Actually, also L’Assomoir and Nana by Zola perhaps.

StColumbofNavron · 16/03/2024 14:08

I have spent the morning catching up. I love Jemima, I have definitely behaved like her as a petulant teen. I really enjoyed all the back and forth with Mr F and actually really like the passages about her father and his thought process (though I dislike him). I’d like this book to be called Jemima. I still find myself unable to engage with Ruth. It’s ambivalence and that is worse that dislike, I get a lot of pleasure disliking characters.

I’m curious to understand the name change and quite how all this is going to pan out. Suffice it to say that I am enjoying the reading of this more now, partly because it’s moved on from all the piety as mentioned above and partly reading in slightly bigger chunks seems better for me.

Appreciate all the updates and summaries @BishyBarnyBee . In terms of others, Lady Chatterley is the only one that springs to mind, but I think books like Bel Ami and The Picture of Dorian Gray are interesting too, though not specifically ‘fallen women’ per se.

FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 16/03/2024 09:22

Thank you Bishy! That was another excellent summary especially for a long, challenging chapter such as 22.

Well done and enjoy your holiday!

narniabusiness · 16/03/2024 08:51

Wonderful chapter summary @BishyBarnyBee and a big thanks from me for keeping the thread going through multiple time zones!

Sadik · 16/03/2024 08:06

Don't worry @BishyBarnyBee - I'm so impressed & grateful for you keeping us all in track! Hope you have a good visit too :)

I loved the passage where Ruth is in church in such distress, & is comforted by the carving. It reminded me of times when life has felt overwhelming, & a poem or a piece of art has provided a focus & something to hang on to.

BishyBarnyBee · 16/03/2024 06:39

Chapter 22

In which Bradshaw finds himself tempted to do wrong to do right, is humbled by Donne's languid high-bred manner and hopes to impress him with the purchase of the exorbitantly dear Eagle's Crag.

Jemima is tempted by the holiday in Abermouth but not ready to leave Farquhar - especially not if would mean Ruth must stay in Eccleston. Ruth decides to go to make amends for the walk which made Elizabeth ill but finds it hard to leave Leonard behind.

Jemima enjoys managing the extensive re-modelling of the Eccleston house to meet the needs of the election campaign. Mr Pilson, the Parliamentary Agent we met in Chapter 21 ("whose only principle was to do wrong on the liberal side") does not appear in person but pulls the strings from London. He sends his friend Hickson to prepare the way for Donne, the candidate. Hickson is a briefless barrister who detests the corruptness of the law and feels it is his holy duty to use men's weaknesses to reform it, through bribery.

This troubles the Eccleston contingent and Benson proclaims that "We are not to do evil that good may come". Jemima is disappointed when Farquhar seems to come down on the side of expediency over principle. Benson falls silent when Farquhar asks him whether it is always possible to live according to religious principles, reflecting that he too has done good by doing wrong when he lied to protect Ruth. Bradshaw, who habitually treats Benson with condescending indulgence, is surprised when Hickson seems to defer to Benson, not realising that this is part of a cynical information gathering exercise for Donne's campaign.

Ruth misses Leonard but enjoys the seaside stay. Elisabeth's health improves by the day and there are delightful rambles and thrilling views of vivid storms. The girls hope that their father might buy the house, then Ruth gets a letter instructing her to prepare for a visit from Bradshaw, Donne and Hickson.

There are multiple reasons for Bradshaw's visit. He knows that Benson is to preach a sermon on probity in politics, and remembers that Benson has several times convinced him of things which he could never do again without great uneasiness of mind, and hence left off doing even though it was against his own interests. He cannot countenance the humiliation of losing the election and has reluctantly recognised that "packets" will be required, though he is to remain ignorant of their purpose. So a Sunday trip to Abermouth will sidestep the sermon and also a minor domestic dilemma. Bradshaw has ostentatiously honoured the Sabbath with a rule of no cooked dinner on Sundays, but suspects this will not impress his guests.

Bradshaw, used to being at the top of Eccleston society, has been somewhat humbled by the quiet but incontestable difference of rank and standards between Donne and his family. The nonchalant bringing of a servant, the quiet being at ease, the habitual attention to women, the measured graceful utterance, all show Bradshaw the gulf between his family and his guest, and he abandons his previous hope of a match between Donne and Jemima. While he is charmed by Donne's languid, high-bred manner, Jemima observes an underlying determination and focus and thinks that though he seems so gentle, he would be headstrong in carrying out his own will. Mrs Bradshaw is uncomfortable with this conversation and only observes that he has a look of Leonard about him.

Donne is so used to luxury and refinement that he is unimpressed by the finest that the Bradshaws can offer, asking "with quiet surprise, if they had no pinery, as if to be without a pinery were indeed a depth of pitiable destitution". Bradshaw hopes that his plan to buy the property in Abermouth for the fancy price of fourteen thousand pounds, just because his little girls had taken a fancy to it, will open those half shut dreamy eyes wide and Donne will recognise that the Eccleston manufacturer is as wealthy as he is.

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BishyBarnyBee · 16/03/2024 04:44

Piggywaspushed · 15/03/2024 06:02

I thought we were up to 22?

I'm so sorry! I'm visiting family in Australia and was so proud of myself for doing the chapter summary at Hong Kong airport! But we'd had very disrupted sleep both the night before we left and on the long leg of the flight, so clearly my brain was mush and I left out chapter 22. Will do it now and I'm so sorry for the chapter 23 spoilers.

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FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 15/03/2024 18:32

Are the chapters getting longer?!

Piggywaspushed · 15/03/2024 18:14

I'd better read it then!

FuzzyCaoraDhubh · 15/03/2024 18:02

Yes, we seem to have skipped chapter 22.

I liked Jemima's astute assessment of Mr. Donne in this chapter (22). His 'repressed eagerness' reminds her of a racehorse. She seems to have the measure of him. Mrs Bradshaw sees a resemblance between Donne and Leonard but which sharp-eyed Jemima doesn't see. I also liked Gaskell's comment which shows Donne's disdain for other people, most notably servants as people who are beneath him 'as the bringing down a servant, whom Mr. Donne seemed to consider as much a matter of course as a carpet bag'.

I loved chapter 23. The drama, the shock, the turmoil. And old Ruth is back.