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Genuinely interesting stuff you learned at school/university/work

214 replies

MrsHathaway · 25/07/2016 11:26

At a tangent from an otherwise rather tedious thread, some of us started talking about the history of the English language.

I did a paper called something like History and Structure of the English Language at university and honestly it didn't feel at all like work. The complicated bits have faded into the dusty corners of my brain, but some interesting snippets have remained within easy grasp.

For example, you can see a lot of the geopolitical history of the British Isles in what we now call English. Very basic words like low numbers (two, three) and natural features (sun, land, water) have their roots in our very earliest history and have scarcely changed since the Stone Age. They're also very similar to their equivalents in languages local at the time - northern European languages like Swedish, German, etc.

Place names come in odd clumps too - there are areas in eg Yorkshire and the Highlands which have very Norse names, and often there will be a geographical boundary between Norse place names and Anglo Saxon place names, such as a wide river or mountain ridge.

French came next, with the Normans in the eleventh century. A lot of our food words come from that period, including beef, pork, salmon, etc.

As English eyes looked further and further overseas we started adding more exotic ingredients to our kitchens and words to our vocabularies. Tomatoes, chocolate!

ANYWAY

We're often told that we won't use 90% of what we learn at school or even university, although we don't know which 90%. But I think it's almost always worth learning stuff for its own sake, if only because it's mildly interesting for one day or breaks the ice at one party where you happen to meet your soul mate.

So go on, what snippets have you retained from your years of formal education that are genuinely interesting in their own right? Can be a tiny thing or a major complicated theory, but it must be interesting - at least interesting enough for us to say "well, fancy that".

I'll leave you with this: in Japanese there was no word for "thank you". There were lots of ways of expressing gratitude, but no single expression in the European way. Then the Portuguese came, and suddenly the Japanese were trading with them. They used lots of hand gestures and gradually a kind of pidgin developed to allow them to communicate until there were enough on each side speaking the other's language. But one legacy from that time and that pidgin is a single-word "thank you" in Japanese: arigato. Which you'll notice is remarkably similar to the Portuguese obrigado.

OP posts:
stareatthetvscreen · 28/07/2016 07:31

not anything i learned at school but when dcs were born - all of us are different anatomically.
so we are all different on the inside as well as the outside.
i suppose its obvious really but it bent my mind a bit. :)

AlbusPercival · 28/07/2016 07:22

Thank you so much to whoever found the Himba colour test. Was wracking my brains to think of it!

Whoknows - yes dust explosion very important. I used to work in a sugar factory, the explosive power of icing sugar is mindblowing!

spangles06 · 28/07/2016 07:12

Okay, I really need to get ready for work now so shouldn't have been reading this ......

www.denofgeek.com/tv/deal-or-no-deal/30607/investigating-the-maths-of-deal-or-no-deal

Explains the maths in dond in a way I understood

ThumbWitchesAbroad · 28/07/2016 07:10

But I'll go on - this one still horrifies me:
There is a parasitic blood infection that is common in Central and South America, called Chagas disease. It is caused by a parasite called Trypanosoma cruzi, and is transmitted by the "kissing bug". The parasite can cause all sorts of problems with health, but one of the more dangerous is dilated cardiomyopathy, where the parasite amastigotes collect in the muscle wall of the heart and cause a weak area. This can then give way under duress, leading to instant death.
The horrifying bit about it is that they knew that some of the transmission of this disease was by blood transfusion; and that they could kill the parasite by treating the blood with a combination of blue and purple dyes. BUT (and this is the kicker) - people would sooner take their chances with the parasite than turn purple for 3 days after transfusion. So it wasn't a viable way to deal with the parasite infested blood, because very few people would accept transfusions with it!

I'd sooner be purple for 3 days than risk a parasitic infection but hey.

DropYourSword · 28/07/2016 07:05

Or, to put it another way, the 20 sweets in a jar. If 20 people picked one out blindly then everybody has a 1/20 chance of getting the chocolate. BUT if one person picks one out, opens and eats it and discovers it's plain, then the next person picking out a sweet now has a 1/19 chance of getting it. Because you can the apply prior knowledge.

DropYourSword · 28/07/2016 06:59

No Gertrude. The probability it is in the jar is still 1/20. If you take out a sweet and its plain, then the possibility reduces down to 1/19, because there's only 19 sweets left. So the one you originally picked now is 1/19 too. If you pick out all the plain sweets and are left with one in your hand and one in the jar, they both have a 1/2 chance of being the chocolate one. It's literally because there are two sweets, and one of them is chocolate.
They MH scenario is mind bending because the host HAS to reveal a goat. It isn't applicable to DOND or sweets in a jar. It did take me quite a while to get my head around it!

ThumbWitchesAbroad · 28/07/2016 06:58

Genuinely interesting - hmm.

I learnt in food microbiology that a listeria-infected pregnancy produces luminous green amniotic fluid.
I also learnt how important it is to wash hands after prepping capsicums and chillis and prior to using the loo, but this should be fairly common knowledge.
One of my favourite things was the NASA experiment with spiders and various drugs - as far as I know it's not apocryphal, so please don't disillusion me (Caffeine disrupts spider web construction far more than any of the other drugs tested)
General toxicology of foods - fascinating subject! but most of it well known.

Immunology - lots of interesting but now very out-of-date stuff.
Things I discovered through my own research though:
That breast cancer cells apoptose (kill themselves) when a non-mammalian gene that codes for delta 3 desaturase is introduced {Kang JX. The importance of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acid ratio in cell function. The gene transfer of omega-3 fatty acid desaturase. World Rev Nutr Diet 2003; 92: 23-36). This enzyme, D-3 desaturase, allows the cells to change omega 6 fatty acids to omega 3 fatty acids, and when the ratio reaches optimal levels, the cancer cells do what all abnormal cells should do, and kill themselves.
Mammals do not naturally possess this particular enzyme, which is why we need to take in sources of both omega 6 and omega 3 fatty acids (both essential and both precursors of important functional chemicals in the body), as we cannot switch between them - but other organisms can make the switch.
In today's western diet, the ratio of omega 6:omega 3 fatty acids is often around 20:1, whereas it is suggested that it should be only 5:1 for health; however, the trials with these cancer cells show that it should be more like 1.5:1 (between 2:1 and 1:1 anyway).
So eat more oily fish! (and other sources of omega 3 fatty acids).

Many many other things that I find fascinating but that would probably bore the pants off most other people Wink

CuttedUpPear · 28/07/2016 05:50

frankly that seems unlikely. Are you saying that across the whole of the UK in the forties, men were not keen for full sex and would stop before penetration for some reason? Why would this be? I can't believe that this would be the case - it certainly hasn't been my experience through the eighties and nineties. The risk of getting their partners pregnant would not be enough to stop them dtd.

GertrudeMoo · 28/07/2016 04:45

Sorry to prolong the MH/ DOND debate, but if there are 20 identically wrapped sweets in a jar, 19 are plain toffees and 1 has a chocolate centre, and I ask you to pick one, the probability you pick the chocolate one is 1/20. I ask someone else to pick one and eat it, and another, and another etc. Surely the probability you initially picked the chocolate one is still 1/20......Why would the probability of your initial choice change just because some more sweets get eaten? You didn't choose one from 15, you chose one from 20. The jar containing fewer sweets later on doesn't affect your initial probability of picking the chocolate one, so the probability (for you) that it's still in the jar will always be 19/20? Won't it? If not, why not?

franklyshankly · 28/07/2016 01:34

Something I learned in sociology!

During the Second World War- American soldiers were billeted across the UK. They essentially drove the respectable residents of small towns across the country mad as they fornicated with the local young women leading to illigimate births etc.

Social anthropologist Margeret Mead was called in to figure out why this was happening. It took her a day to figure out that the social norms surrounding pre martial sex differed between the USA and the U.K. In the states the women would stop things as they got closer to DTD. Whereas, in the UK this would be the man. With no voice of moral reason the American men and British women were shagging like rabbits.

Sorry to lower the tone!

caroldecker · 28/07/2016 00:50

The fact MH Knows is important. If MH was random, then there is still a 66% chance it is behind the 2 hidden doors. If he randomly choose a door, then 50% he would reveal a car and 50% a goat. If the goat is revealed you are better off switching, if a car is revealed you cannot win the car. Therefore you only win 33% of the time. (66% in the 50% of times he reveals a goat and 0% in the 50% of times he reveals a car). MH only works as 66% because he cannot reveal a car.
In DOND, using 21 boxes, in 19 out of 21 shows, the max prize will not be in the last 2 boxes so cannot be won.
Using the 46,200 episodes above:
In 2100 episodes you will have the top prize so lose by switching
In 2100 episodes the other unopened box will have the top prize, so gain by switching
In 42,000 episodes the top prize is opened earlier so cannot be won.
So 50:50 when down to the last 2 boxes, but 1:21 in total.
If DOND kept the top prize hidden until the end, ao always your box against the top prize, much better to switch.

PolkadotsAndMoonbeams · 28/07/2016 00:10

If you release helium in the middle of an orchestra, brass and woodwind will rise in pitch, but strings won't.

Natural gas is lighter than air - bubble it through soap as glycerine and it will make bubbles that float up. You can then light these with a very long taper to make flames roll across the ceiling Grin

And a PE brain teaser: In cricket, if all the batsmen are out first ball, what is the number of the not out batsman at the end?

CoteDAzur · 27/07/2016 23:33

Dad - There is obviously some overlap but having studied a bit of both, I would say that Monty Hall is definitely a probability problem and not a statistics problem. Which is why I said that I would be surprised if it was discussed in a statistics course.

DadDadDad · 27/07/2016 23:18

No, that's the wrong way round. The misuse of statistics is when politicians misinterpret them to support their opinions.

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 23:10

The application of opinion to empirical data, perhaps.

OP posts:
DadDadDad · 27/07/2016 23:09

RJ - no, you are missing the point. With every reveal, the probability that the box you are holding is the winner also increases.

Cote - I think making distinction between probability and statistics is a bit arbitrary. I've seen so-called statistics courses that would include probability theory. Statistics is the application of probability to empirical data.

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 22:21

"The person who shits with conviction" - that would be my eldest son.

Laura - have pmed.

OP posts:
GertrudeMoo · 27/07/2016 22:07

Thats OK CoteDAzur....In my defence I was remembering MH from my statistics degree of 19 years ago just for this thread, and the DOND thing popped into my head as an example (or probably not seeing as I'm outnumbered) so I dropped it in. I have since googled to see if they've been compared before, and funnily enough they have, with lots of similar jovial debate.

RJnomore1 · 27/07/2016 21:56

I think you are all missing the point about DOND.

We are talking END GAME

So by that point there are 2 boxes left and we know one of them holds the star prize (as the other 18, or 29, have been opened and revealed not to.)

Therefore the box you chose has a 1/20 (or 22, I'm not that familiar with the show sorry but it doesn't matter really) while every time a box on the other side of the equation is revealed not to be star prize it increases the possibility of the other one being.

I will talk it over with my colleague with a statistics degree tomorrow to check it out!

CoteDAzur · 27/07/2016 21:35

Daphne - re ""If you shit with conviction, you can shit through steel!" It's still my favourite proverb"

I hate to do this to you, but that's not how that proverb really goes. It's often used as "He who shits with determination bores through the wall" (Azimle sican duvari deler) but it's actually "The determined rat bores through the wall" (Azimli siçan duvari deler).

The confusion arises because (1) the two sentences are identical except for 1 letter in the first word (Azimle/Azimli) and (2) "siçan" means both "he/she who shits" and "rat".

Azim = Determination
Azimle = (To do something) with determination
Azimli = Determined (= someone with determination)

Siç = (verb) Shit
Siçan = (1) (Someone) who shits. (2) Rat.

So....

Azimle siçan = The person who shits with determination
Azimli siçan = The determined rat

CoteDAzur · 27/07/2016 21:13

Another one siding with DadDad, NotDavid, and Drop. Sorry Gertrude.

In MH, it is always better to switch to the unopened door because the one you chose in the beginning had and still has 1/3 chance of holding the prize. The other two doors had and still have 2/3 chance of holding the prize, and since the open one has 0/3 chance, the remaining one has 2/3 chance. So you switch. The reason why the remaining door keeps 2/3 probability of holding the prize is that the host KNOWS which door holds the prize and opens one that doesn't. That is, opening of the doors is not a random operation.

This doesn't translate to any other game where the host does not know which door/case/whatever holds which prize and they are opened randomly.

And this subject is Probability, not Statistics. I would be very surprised if you actually studied the Monty Hill problem in a statistics course.

LauraMipsum · 27/07/2016 21:09

I think we may have done the same degree MrsHathaway. I loved the history of the English language module.

Here's my contribution: some languages developed with a "genderlect" or gendered dialect, where the men and women spoke slightly different versions of the same language. These are found (sporadically, because those that survive are mostly endangered languages) across the globe. They all seem to have developed organically save for Irish Sign Language which developed a genderlect because of sex segregation in the schools for the Deaf.

There's a fantastic article about it here www.bris.ac.uk/german/hison/reading/dunn2013

MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 20:55

I think it's just amazing that how we name stuff changes how we interpret it.

OP posts:
eleventybillion · 27/07/2016 20:40

Ooh I have one on colour too. Didn't learn it at school but from Horizon I think. Does it still count? Smile

The Himba Test

The Himba tribe have the same word for blue and green. In tests they can't tell the difference between blue and green squares that look pretty obvious to us.

However they do have different words for two shades of green that we don't. They can distinguish between these two colours. We can't.

Genuinely interesting stuff you learned at school/university/work
MrsHathaway · 27/07/2016 20:37

Lol about time! Statistics makes my brain hurt.

OP posts: