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Infertility after c section

221 replies

Lucy040288 · 12/04/2025 09:29

Hi

Just wondered if anyone had any experiences of infertility post c-section. I had an emergency c-section in July 2022. I started having some right sided abdominal pain about a year later. We have been trying to conceive our second child since January 2024. I went to the GP in June 2024 and had a transvaginal ultrasound which was normal. In September I went back to the GP and we had bloods and investigations and referred to fertility. Bloods and husband’s semen analysis all normal. I had a HSG in March 2025 which did not show any spill of dye from right tube indicating blockage. I’m wondering if I should have a laparoscopy to see what’s going on but my consultant says they don’t usually do laps that often anymore and go straight to IVF. I just don’t want to do IVF for it to fail and then have a laparoscopy and find a problem that could have been sorted meaning we could conceive naturally. Obviously we would have to pay for IVF as we already have a child. Also, I don’t know what could be causing the right abdominal pain. Could it be adhesions, endometriosis, the blocked fallopian tube??? Some months I’ve experienced extremely tender breasts in the 2 week wait but then came on my period so I don’t know if that could mean the egg’s been fertilised but unable to implant due to inflammation or this blocked tube?! I think I had a couple of chemical pregnancies last April and June as I had very tender breasts and a faint positive pregnancy test but then period arrived. I then stopped testing as it was too upsetting. I didn’t have any problems conceiving my daughter. I just don’t know what’s going on or what to do for the best.
has anyone been through anything similar?

x

OP posts:
Piglet89 · 23/07/2026 19:12

@LucyI hope you are feeling better soon. Edited to
remove explanation of why medics recommend going straight to IVF and avoiding lap, as I see things have moved on since you began the thread.

HPrior · 23/07/2026 19:06

Lucy040288 · 23/07/2026 17:49

@HPrior i really hope your pregnancy goes well! How many weeks are you? I wish I could have just had the hysteroscopic procedure. I’m still tender 6 weeks post my lap repair and with the added anxiety of having to wait 6 months before I can TTC. I’m pleased it has worked out for you! Xx

Thank you, I am just over 11 weeks now. Had an NIPT this week and all clear so I was waiting for that before updating this thread. Yes, I was lucky to be able to have the more minor procedure. Hopefully yours will work as well though- have everything crossed for you. Do keep us updated! Xx

HPrior · 23/07/2026 19:02

ChaE05 · 23/07/2026 15:34

@HPriormassive congratulations to you!!! You must feel 🥹🥹🥹
Did they also test for inflammation during your hysteroscopy? Is this where they also shave the niche down? Really over the moon for you x

I have an appointment on the 29th with NHS fertility consultant following up on the provide SIS I had that found my niche. I emailed fertility clinic with my scans (I had not been discharged from them) and they want to see me. Not overly hopeful they will be able to do anything but atleast if they cant I can then look into private to sort this out xx

i didn’t have the inflammation test so will never know if that would have been positive but I highly suspect it would have been. Yes, since my RMT was 6mm I was a good candidate for the hysteroscopic resection where they shave the sides down. You need a minimum of RMT 3mm for this procedure. Interestingly, my consultant thinks the continued light spotting that I had after the surgery was because there was likely still some minor pocketing at the sides of the old niche which may have trapped a very small amount of blood which would have made my normal discharge not quite clear - but he said he likes to be conservative when doing the operation so as not to damage the uterus.

I understand it is difficult to get these things done on the NHS unless you have a major niche and I don’t think the NHS does the resection procedure I had, but I may be wrong. Mine was private but covered by insurance - even though most insurance policies exclude fertility related procedures, gynaecological issues can be dealt with if you have problematic symptoms - irregular bleeding, pain, etc. so it is worth a try if you have health insurance via work.

Hopefully this is the answer for you too!

Lucy040288 · 23/07/2026 17:49

@HPrior i really hope your pregnancy goes well! How many weeks are you? I wish I could have just had the hysteroscopic procedure. I’m still tender 6 weeks post my lap repair and with the added anxiety of having to wait 6 months before I can TTC. I’m pleased it has worked out for you! Xx

OP posts:
Dozer · 23/07/2026 16:18

Congratulations @HPrior!

Pistachiocake · 23/07/2026 15:58

I kept miscarrying/losing again after my CS-my second birth was an emergency CS; I'd never have chosen a CS because rightly or wrongly, that was one of the things that worried me. I had no problems after my natural birth, which my first kid was. I honestly don't know if this is linked, obviously lots of women have more kids after a CS, so maybe I was just unlucky. I suppose I'll never know, and the emergency CS was needed for my daughter to live, so I have to be grateful.

ChaE05 · 23/07/2026 15:34

@HPriormassive congratulations to you!!! You must feel 🥹🥹🥹
Did they also test for inflammation during your hysteroscopy? Is this where they also shave the niche down? Really over the moon for you x

I have an appointment on the 29th with NHS fertility consultant following up on the provide SIS I had that found my niche. I emailed fertility clinic with my scans (I had not been discharged from them) and they want to see me. Not overly hopeful they will be able to do anything but atleast if they cant I can then look into private to sort this out xx

Lucy040288 · 23/07/2026 15:22

@HPrior I’ve not read it all properly as at work but OMG CONGRATULATIONS!!!! I am so happy for you!!!! Amazing news! Xx

OP posts:
HPrior · 23/07/2026 11:36

UPDATE for those who are following the thread. As a summary, I had 2+ years of secondary infertility which was accompanied by heavy periods and pre and post menstrual spotting. I was misdiagnosed with blocked tubes and had IVF off the back of that. Two failed euploid embryo transfers later I had a laparoscopy and hysteroscopy to look for other causes and found out my tubes were not actually blocked. My clinic could still not explain the spotting and advised I do a third transfer and add blood thinners to my medication. It was at this point I lost all faith with my IVF clinic and saw another specialist. He immediately suspected my symptoms were caused by c section niche. A further hysteroscopy and MRI later and he confirmed I had a niche 5mm by 5mm by 8mm with RMT 6mm. I had a hysteroscopic resection to repair it (very easy operation - day case with a few days of pain similar to bad period pains). Following this the spotting reduced substantially - no pre menstrual spotting and post menstrual spotting was very light and not black and tar like. However, it continued to ovulation so I assumed the procedure had not worked.

However, following an 8 week recovery period we were allowed to start TTC and I am very happy to report we conceived naturally the first month we tried. I couldn’t believe it! I am 39.

I hope this brings people who may suspect a c section niche hope that their fertility can be restored. Please keep pushing to have symptoms investigated - mine were repeatedly overlooked and I was told unequivocally that my niche was not causing my spotting or my infertility (it was noted after multiple scans by my IVF clinic but they said it was too small to cause any problems). They were wrong. Please also be wary of going to an IVF clinic to investigate infertility. They will push you into IVF because that is where they make their money. Go to a fertility specialist who does not do IVF. I am obviously extremely happy with the outcome but I am also very angry that I wasted years worth of savings doing IVF that was not needed.

Best of luck all xxx

ChaE05 · 03/07/2026 16:03

@1SparklingWater1thank you for replying !! And its so so true what you say. When searching on the Internet we are only seeing the desperation in people. And we will literally try anything to find the reason. Can I ask your story?I had my 3d saline scan at crp with Miss Edge. She doesnt think this is reason I am not falling pregnant but i really think its worth me investigating. My friend had a hysteroscopy performed with the surgeon you mentioned from crp.- Dr Jan? Did you have a consultation with him then? I see you have spoken to a few, did you get a good feel from anyone in particular? Everything just costs so much 🫠🫠🫠

1SparklingWater1 · 29/06/2026 10:52

Hi everyone, trying to catch up a little here as there's been a good few messages.

@HPrior did your clinic ever discuss doing an ERA? Our IVF clinic is very against it (says there is no benefit) whilst both the niche surgeons suggested doing it, along with ALICE and EMMA, as they said that there is a 'signal of benefit' in people with recurrent implantation failure / losses. My issue is that I want to keep doing natural modified cycles (because medicated cycles are associated with greater fluid trapped in the niche), and ERA is even less beneficial in these cycles. Anyway thought I'd pick your brain in case you've discussed this with anyone.

@Lucy040288 thanks for sharing your full history, what a journey. It hits home when it's all written out like that doesn't it. My personal story is also horribly long. Right now we're deliberating on more testing or the surgery. Time just goes past, it's already been a couple of months since our last transfer and we're no further on with next steps. I did ask my consultants about the CD138 but it isn't something that any of them offer and I'm not sure I should introduce a new opinion in (we've now seen 10+ consultants and the conflicting advice is just too much now). I expect what we'll do is the EMMA ALICE alone, then attempt one more transfer, then move to surgery.

@ChaE05 welcome to the group! It's me who's with CRP. Honestly its incredibly difficult to advise on what to do. For a women over 38 or so, the vast majority of losses / infertility is due to age, which is why all these doctors dismiss the niche. Many many many women with niches, even symptomatic ones, have successful pregnancies. It seems like they don't from reading Reddit and Mumsnet and Facebook, but we do need to remember that these are women who are desperately seeking answers and it's such a stewed perspective. I wouldn't panic about your niche yet until you've exhausted all other testing first. I wish you all the luck!!

Lucy040288 · 22/06/2026 19:03

I think I was relieved to know I wasn’t going completely mad and there was a problem but I was annoyed and upset as a niche was my first thought when I knew we were struggling to conceive but then had felt reassured by my 1st ultrasound which was normal.
I was terrified at the thought of my first laparoscopy but it wasn’t too bad when they just went in to have a look.
it is hard every month doing ovulation tests and then nothing coming of it. I went decaf, I cut out sugar, I spent a fortune on supplements and none of it was ever going to help.
I think unfortunately very little is known about niches but research is being done. I was in labour for 36 hours and was dilated to 5cm for 12 hours. I tried the oxytocin drip to progress labour but it didn’t work so ended up having a section. I never in a million years thought I’d need a c section and I was devastated for quite a while afterwards. So now having this complication from the section is difficult.
to be honest though, you could have been induced and still ended up needing a c section. There are more and more being done and I think in the next few years we’re going to be hearing a lot more about the complications from them.

OP posts:
ChaE05 · 22/06/2026 05:45

@Lucy040288😪 WHAT a journey. I can only imagine the stress and upset. Thank you for sharing and im so sorry its been such a long road trying to figure everything out. Im glad that im not the only one that has felt so sad by this diagnosis. I was crying for a couple of days too. Everyone I spoke to was saying atleast you know what could be stopping you falling pregnant now? As if I should feel happy? But I just felt devastated that it was another hurdle and the thought of a laparoscopy honestly scares the hell out of me. More money to spend that we dont have. Its not as simple as, "atleast you know"
Im about to ovulate and we have been doing the deed and all im thinking is..what's the point? Its not going to work. And all I can imagine is my body killing off all the sperm. Even if by some miracle I did fall pregnant there is that fear that it will end anyway with this niche. Its horrible isnt it.
Also worrying that the scan might not be showing the true picture. I think im going to go ahead and email some gynaecologist that have been suggested and go from there. I just dont have the time to waste.
Also from what im reading these are more common with 2nd or 3rd c sections and if you were in labour before. Mine was a planned one (well kind of, my boy had stopped growing and was small so he needed out either induction or c section. Silly me choosing the c section). So im quite suprised I have a big niche.

Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 22:46

@ChaE05 on ultrasound sometimes adhesions can look like myometrium. I had dense adhesions between my bladder and uterus which only showed on MRI.
i hope all of this helps! X

OP posts:
Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 22:45

@ChaE05 i’m not sure about retesting…part of me is scared to know! I should have a follow up scan in a few months to see how I’ve healed though.
yes any gynaecologist who does a hysteroscopy and takes an endometrial biopsy can request a CD138 stain from the labs.
I’d also suggest getting an MRI scan. On my ultrasound it looked like I had a thick myometrium until my MRI showed 0. Quite worrying as I could have gone for hysteroscopic resection and they’d have likely perforated my uterus.

OP posts:
Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 22:40

@ChaE05 forgot to say, my spotting wasn’t horrendous. I had some brown spotting after my period for a couple of days but think because I had 0mm myometrium there wasn’t any muscular wall to contract the fluid out of my niche for days on end so I believe the fluid tended to stay in its pouch and stagnate.

OP posts:
Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 22:38

@ChaE05 so here goes…..i was discharged from the NHS fertility clinic last September with ‘unexplained infertility’. I’d had a transvaginal ultrasound which was normal, a HSG which showed a right proximal blocked tube and a laparoscopy confirming right blocked tube but no endometriosis or adhesions and everything apparently looked normal.
I had several very faint positive pregnancy tests that came to nothing. Also right sided pelvic pain. I got pregnant 2 months after my HSG but miscarried at 6 weeks. My theory was the HSG flushed my uterus out and reduced inflammation enough to allow an embryo to implant for slightly longer. I did a lot of research and diagnosed myself with chronic endometritis as all my symptoms seemed to fit. I felt I wasn’t being listened to at all by professionals so I decided to purchase antibiotics online to treat what I believed was chronic endometritis. I don’t advocate anyone doing this but I was genuinely losing the plot and was desperate!
While taking the antibiotics I had a meltdown at work (I work in a hospital) and went to speak to one of the fertility specialist nurses about all of my symptoms. She really listened and booked me another ultrasound. It was this ultrasound on day 15 of my cycle which showed the niche containing fluid. I then had a consultation with a registrar the following day who thought that the niche may be my issue and wanted to look into it further however she had to get the approval of the consultant and wanted him to look at my ultrasound images but he was currently away. I also had recurrent miscarriage bloods taken to rule other things out.
I waited a couple of weeks and then heard I’d been listed for an NHS hysteroscopy. After chasing this up, I was told it had been triaged as routine and would be a long wait. I saw my fertility consultant privately who did not feel the ultrasound showed a significant niche but requested an MRI. The MRI was rejected in the NHS so I paid privately.
while awaiting the MRI scan I sought a 2nd opinion from a different gynaecologist who suggested we do a hysteroscopy. I told him about my niche but he did not think this was relevant. He said that the chemical pregnancies I was experiencing was likely due to my age and chromosomal abnormalities. I went ahead with the hysteroscopy which cost £4000 under general anaesthetic. He said everything looked fine and said we needed to get eggs from me and start IVF if I wanted another baby. He had taken a biopsy and when I went for my follow up appointment he was very sheepish and told me my results had shown chronic endometritis with a CD138 count of 6 despite already taking antibiotics so he believed my niche was causing the inflammation and affecting implantation.
I then had my MRI. This showed a 6mm niche with 0mm myometrium and only 2mm serosa covering the niche. My fertility consultant had not undertaken this procedure before so referred me to Professor Justin Clark. He had also referred 2 of his IVF patients to him before following recurrent implantation failures and both had got pregnant after laparoscopic niche repair by Professor Clark. So I booked a private appointment and 7 weeks later had the surgery. The laparoscopic c section niche repair has cost me just over £6000.
in total with consultation fees and scans and procedures we have spent around £13000 so far but that could have been a lot more if we had gone for IVF. I had always been reluctant to go down the IVF route as I felt that there was something wrong.
The consultant who did my hysteroscopy wanted to do the niche repair but I felt he’d been very dismissive of my symptoms and was very quick to put my problems down to being the wrong side of 35 so I didn’t feel comfortable with him. Professor Clark is internationally renowned for his surgical expertise so thought I’d go for it.
I know it’s hard. When we first started trying for our 2nd I read about c section niches causing infertility and was worried I had one but after my first ultrasound didn’t show anything I thought I was fine. In February when the ultrasound found my niche I was distraught. I felt so much time had been wasted and couldn’t stop crying for days. But then it gave me an answer for why we weren’t conceiving and I knew it needed to be fixed. I’m not saying this will 100% help us conceive but it’s got to be worth a shot. As well as the fact if I had have got pregnant then I would have been at extremely high risk of uterine rupture. Maybe it was my body’s way of telling me that my uterus wasn’t strong enough to carry a baby.
Try to take a few days to process it all and then plan your next steps. Xx

OP posts:
ChaE05 · 20/06/2026 18:24

Appreciate all this info so much !
So basically you had antibiotics and then a biopsy taken and it showed CE. So clarification that the niche was causing it. I feel so hopeful for you now ! Will you retest at all or just see how it goes?

Yes I have spotting. Sometimes 1 or 2 days before then about 5 days post period till about cd8. Nothing terrible. Dont need to wear a pad. Just occasionally some watery brown discharge. Did you have spotting?

How did you find the right surgeon for you? Are all of them able to test for this CD138?

If you dont mind sharing how much your surgeries were? Hysteroscopy and lap? Sorry for all the questions ! After finding out the news my mind is such a mess ! X

Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 18:05

@ChaE05 yes he cut out the niche and re-sutured my uterus back together. I had a hysteroscopy in March where an endometrial biopsy was taken and this showed chronic endometritis. This biopsy was following a 2 week course of doxycycline and metronidazole so the surgeon I saw felt that my niche was directly causing the inflammation. My CD138 count was 6 and generally anything above 5 is chronic endometritis but having a count of 0 is preferred.
an endometrial biopsy can be done at hysteroscopy and sent for CD138 staining. The only problem with NHS is the wait. I paid private for mine as I was told my NHS hysteroscopy would be a good few months wait. I’m 38 so like you I feel time isn’t on my side.
do you have spotting after your period? My spotting wasn’t horrendous actually but my niche was like a trap door so constantly holding onto fluid. My niche only showed up on ultrasound mid cycle. It hadn’t shown up on any other days of my cycle before.
it is all so frustrating!!! Thank you, yes I will keep you updated. It is a long time and I am stressing that I’ll have gone through this procedure and it won’t work but I’ve got to try and hope it does.

OP posts:
ChaE05 · 20/06/2026 17:56

@Lucy040288thanks so much for your reply!
Sorry to hear youre struggling post surgery. I really pray this is your answer! Did you have the niche removed? Did everything else look okay? No chronic endomitrisis?

Thank you so much for the advice. Can a hysteroscopy and CD138 be done at the same time? Would the NHS do this do you know? Or would I need to go private.

The doctor didnt mention any fluid being seen before she put the saline in. But then could clearly see the niche! I have had multiple scans over 1.5 years (only 2d) but never any mention of fluid. Would it have been seen?

Its such a hard journey trying to figure out why we cant concieve. I actually hope this is my answer, as gutted as I am. Im 39 now so time isnt on my side.
Wishing you a speedy recovery. And you will have to keep us updated ! 6 months seems a long time but i bet it will actually feel nice to turn the pressure of ttc off x

Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 17:55

I read this the other day. Thought it may give us some hope!

OP posts:
Lucy040288 · 20/06/2026 17:50

@ChaE05 hi! I’m sorry to hear you have been found to have a niche. It was also 2 years for me until mine was found. Is yours holding fluid? I suggest to push for a hysteroscopy and an endometrial biopsy for a CD138 stain. If the CD138 result is above 5 then this shows chronic endometritis which can be inflammation caused by the niche. This also gives you evidence that the niche is directly causing your issues. I would imagine your residual myometrial thickness should be sufficient for hysteroscopic resection?
Unfortunately not many consultants believe a niche is a problem but for some women it definitely is. The NICE guidelines for infertility even state to not do a hysteroscopy if nothing is seen on ultrasound which is utterly ridiculous. Things need to change to stop women suffering like this.
I have now had my laparoscopic niche repair. Not going to lie, it’s painful and I’m struggling a little at the moment but just hoping it is the final procedure which sorts me out once and for all. Obviously I can’t try for 6 months while it heals but I’m trying to stay positive.

@HPrior I’m sorry I thought I’d replied to you before. I thought you’d have the ReceptivaDX test. Yes I imagine that would have been useful. Any update on your symptoms?

OP posts:
Acadetu · 20/06/2026 11:23

I'm so sorry you're going through this. It sounds incredibly frustrating and emotionally exhausting. While I haven't had the exact same experience, I've seen many women discuss issues like adhesions, endometriosis, or tubal problems after a C-section, so your concerns are understandable.
A blocked tube and ongoing pain definitely seem worth discussing further with your fertility specialist. If you're not comfortable moving straight to IVF, it may be reasonable to ask more questions or even seek a second opinion so you feel confident in your next steps.
Wishing you answers and hoping you get the outcome you're hoping for.

ChaE05 · 20/06/2026 10:38

Hi girls...I hope you dont mind me jumping on. I have been scrolling and scrolling through your experiences. I have just found out I have a significant niche of 9.9x6.6mm. However my myometrium measures 3.6mm. I have struggled with secondary infertility since November 2024. We started to try when my son turned 1. We had 2 early losses on cycle 3&4 and nothing since. We've had so many investigations about 7 scans, including HyCoSys sperm dna etc etc. I paid to have a 3d saline scan 2 days ago and it showed this niche 😪 feeling utterly devastated. Where should I go from here? I have emailed NHS fertility clinic (as I believe im still under them) but not hopeful they will help. Im not sure if hysteroscopy or laparoscopy would be needed for my niche. The clinic said it was a significant one but they were measured by the measurement of the myometrium. I had this done at the CRP Clinic...I think one of you may be under them? They dont believe this is causing issues conceiving. But after alot of reading im not convinced at all. This journey is exhausting. Love to all and hope you can send some advice my way xx

HPrior · 25/05/2026 19:04

There’s been a lot of discussion today, so taking the topics in turn:

RMT: The official minimum seems to be 3mm. Mine was 6mm, so I was comfortably above that. However, at my follow-up consultation — when I was still bleeding 3 weeks after surgery and asking various “what if” questions — I asked whether I could have the procedure again if it hadn’t worked. The surgeon said that because 6mm is generally considered the minimum if you want to preserve future fertility, he would be reluctant to shave away any more tissue.

I later looked into this myself and found there’s actually no real consensus. Some surgeons seem comfortable with 3mm, others prefer 6mm. Personally, if mine had only been 3mm, I would probably have opted for laparoscopy instead, but that’s because I’m fairly risk-averse.

Re how I decided to go for surgery rather than just transferring embryos: it was never really a choice framed like that for me. I always wanted further investigations and/or surgery, but my IVF clinic repeatedly talked me out of it — before IVF, after the first failed transfer, and attempted to do so again after the second failed transfer.

After the first failure, I remember calling the clinic furious and wanting to change consultant, but they talked me out of that too. After the second failure, I think the consultant was worried about how I’d react. In reality, I was calm and polite, but firm that I wanted proper investigations.

Another consultant at the same clinic did a hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. They found nothing except a tiny amount of endometriosis, and I was told the niche was “fine”. His recommendation was simply to do another transfer and add blood thinners. That was the point where I completely lost trust in the clinic and went elsewhere for advice.

Even though I’ll still need to use them for transfers because my embryos are stored there, I will never again trust them on decisions about whether, when, or how to transfer embryos.

IVF team adamant the niche wasn’t to blame: my fertility consultant looked directly at the niche during hysteroscopy and told me to my face that it was absolutely fine and not responsible for my infertility or spotting. Personally, I would be cautious about taking IVF clinic advice on this type of issue. They are specialists in IVF, not niche repair, and they can sometimes be very blinkered outside their specific area of expertise. There’s also an unavoidable financial incentive to keep transferring embryos rather than stopping to investigate underlying issues.

Pregnancy rates after surgery: my understanding is that there really aren’t any reliable figures. The studies are all very small (often fewer than 100 patients) and results are mixed. So I’d be wary of anyone confidently quoting blanket success rates like “60%” without properly qualifying where that number comes from.

EndomeTRIO: I had the EMMA and ALICE tests while still at the fertility clinic. In hindsight, I think they were largely pointless — especially EMMA. I also asked for ReceptivaDX, which would also have looked at CD138, but was talked out of it. That’s the one I now think may actually have been worthwhile.

Consultants saying one thing and then changing it later: I’ve had this happen multiple times. I record every consultation on my phone (with permission — I usually say my husband can’t attend and wants to listen later, which tends to make it feel less confrontational). Originally I did this just so I could properly process and understand everything afterwards, but increasingly I do it so I can double-check I am being given sound advice.

For example, one consultant recommended blood thinners for a future transfer. When I researched it afterwards, I found there’s basically no evidence base for using them in my situation. A different consultant later described it as more of a “throw everything at the wall and see what sticks” approach.

On the question of how many procedures a surgeon has performed: I didn’t ask, and I wish I had. If I ever need another procedure, I absolutely will ask. Don’t feel embarrassed about questioning or challenging consultants — advocate for yourself and don’t worry about hurting their feelings.

Symptom update: Thanks for asking, unfortunately my last period wasn’t much better. It was very similar to the first post-op cycle, although there was a slight improvement in that I didn’t get fresh bleeding after the period had ended — only light brown spotting. I’m going to wait until after the third cycle before deciding whether to have someone take another look at it.