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AIBU?

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AIBU to feel uneasy about the safety evidence for pregnancy ultrasounds?

60 replies

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 09:54

When I was pregnant, I assumed ultrasounds were just harmless sound waves with no effects on the body. I’ve since found out otherwise - there are thermal and mechanical effects. Now in theory this shouldn’t happen at diagnostic levels, but there is a body of studies saying maybe that’s not the case.

There are a lot of animal and cell studies that show harm at low exposure levels. The only large randomised trials (where one group got assigned more scans, one less or none) looking at human effects are pretty old (80s-90s), with mostly observational trials since then (and not many of those either). Some of the old RCTs found increased miscarriage and IUGR in the more scanned group, and a large Swedish study found an increase in left handedness in boys. This was when the machines were much weaker and scans were about 3 mins. Other studies found no effects.

However, in 1992 the max allowed power of the machines was raised 8-fold by the FDA, and there have been very few safety studies at the new much higher intensities. This UK gov white paper is a very thorough review of the literature with conclusions at the end: assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7dfba8ed915d74e33ef48e/RCE-14_for_web_with_security.pdf
The summary is on the UK Government page and the wording doesn’t exactly fill me with confidence! www.gov.uk/government/publications/ultrasound-what-it-is-how-it-works-and-the-impact-of-exposure/ultrasound-what-it-is-how-it-works-and-impact-of-exposure#are-there-any-risks-from-ultrasound-scans

Saying there is “very little” information and there could be subtle neurological effects. In total contrast to “perfectly safe” as the NHS told me.

Likewise this statement from an RCOG paper from 2015: “Most epidemiological ultrasound safety studies consider the use of diagnostic ultrasound at around
18 weeks of gestation or later and there are no epidemiological data specifically addressing exposure
of human embryos to diagnostic ultrasound. In addition, most epidemiological evidence derives from
B-mode scanners in commercial use 20–25 years ago, whereas the acoustic outputs from modern devices
have increased 10- to 15-fold over the last decades.35 If there are adverse effects of ultrasound during
pregnancy which are dose- and time-dependent during embryonic or fetal development, then the
available epidemiological data are so limited as to preclude any meaningful conclusions to be drawn.”

www.rcog.org.uk/media/5vvly24v/sip-49.pdf?

There’s been concerning animal studies, like diagnostic ultrasound affecting neuronal migration in mice, and causing mice to be less social and more hyperactive.


pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1538990/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24249575/

I can’t say how well animal studies relate to humans (the first paper theorises this) but neuronal migration disorders in humans manifest in a number of ways, like developmental delay.

There is a plethora of articles summarising the issues, all with references. Here are a couple:
https://sarahbuckley.com/ultrasound-scans-in-pregnancy-your-questions-answered/

https://townsendletter.com/ultrasound-j-west/#fn46

  • this journalist actually found and compiled 50 Chinese studies in women who were about to get abortions, where they used advanced techniques to examine the cells after abortion, and found all sorts of cell and tissue damage at just a few minutes of diagnostic ultrasound exposure. There is a book on Amazon though I haven’t read it. This is one study example: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26782527/

www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-imaging/ultrasound-imaging#benefitsrisks

The FDA, RCOG and UK government basically say “we think it’s safe but we don’t really know, more studies are needed as most of them are old and irrelevant, there might be subtle neurological effects, so don’t go to 4D scan boutiques!” - but 4D scan places are everywhere and allowed to be open? They also say scans should follow the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle and limit exposure and time to the lowest needed to get clear images, but apparently a lot of techs don’t even know where the indices are on their own machines and just use preset settings, and hover over the face etc to show parents their baby.

I am actually quite shocked by this. Of course there are clear benefits, but I wish I had been told the potential risks and lack of robust modern safety evidence (it would be impossible to do randomised trials now as no-one would agree to 0 scans! It’s routine care) - you can’t really prove a scan did or didn’t cause some issue in your baby. If I’d known I definitely wouldn’t have paid for a reassurance scan and might have declined the 1st trimester dating one as I knew my dates and had done an NIPT blood test for Down’s.

OP posts:
bigrainbowscarf · 18/09/2026 12:52

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

Edited

More chronic conditions today compared to when? And which conditions?

One reason that non-communicable diseases are more prevalent now than say, 150 years ago, is because far fewer people are dying from communicable diseases and life expectancy is longer. Thanks to advances in medicine and technology.

Unless you are conducting a formal systematic review on some aspect of the safety of particular ultrasound technology, you really, really do not have the full current picture. You can't just read a few random articles to understand the whole picture.

Batcats · 18/09/2026 12:51

Hollowvoice · 18/09/2026 10:16

"an increase in lefthandedness in boys" while an interesting observation can hardly be proof that ultrasounds are harmful

My husbands left handed. He's by far a more competent adult than I am 😂

Peonies12 · 18/09/2026 12:41

Please get some support for your anxiety. How do you possibly have time or headspace for this research when you have a baby. It's higher risk to drive to your scan that it is to have a scan.

Batcats · 18/09/2026 12:38

Women have been having ultrasounds in pregnancy for decades without any side effects. I really wouldn't worry about it.

And surely this is something where the benefits outweigh the risk. Ultrasounds and scans are vital for the health and wellbeing of the unborn baby and mother. How else would any vital concerns or issued be picked up?

HardStopAt4 · 18/09/2026 12:35

Didn't they used to routinely x-ray pregnant women up until the 70s? It's got to be a better idea to use ultrasound, surely.

tealsea · 18/09/2026 12:30

It’s obviously difficult to work out at a population level as by definition the higher risk pregnancies are going to have more scans. I had a IUGR baby on background of a lot of scans - but it was an IVF pregnancy with an early vanishing twin and significant bleeds in mid pregnancy - so the IUGR was due to the reasons for the scans not the scans themselves.

Imisscoffee2021 · 18/09/2026 12:23

I was anxious in my early pregnancy due to it being ivf and having a physical job, I honestly think I got about 6 private scans before 12 weeks! I also read afterwards about the potential harm but my son is absolutely fine, no side effects, but he is left handed ... as was his grandmas, his nana, his uncle and more in the family.

HoppingPavlova · 18/09/2026 12:23

One of mine had 21 u/s, and most were not short either and had u/s tech do it, then fetal medicine specialist come in and have a quick go and chat (so I have included all those as 1, not 2). They are an adult, nothing wrong with them apart from the issue that they needed the intensive monitoring for in the first place. Not left handed but who cares.

All seems very hysterical.

BIossomtoes · 18/09/2026 12:14

CuteOrangeElephant · 18/09/2026 10:07

My baby would have been dead if it wasn't for an ultrasound.

Mine was because they weren’t readily available. It was an ultrasound that picked up my bloke’s cancer. Be grateful for modern science @Nc4dis.

TwinklyAmberSloth · 18/09/2026 12:08

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

Edited

Nothing in life is risk free.

Every time you breathe you are taking a risk. Every time you eat something. Every thing you do.

Ultrasound scans have been researched and used for decades and the risk is minimal, so obsessing over something like this makes you sound neurotic.

Or are you the type of parent where not so much as a spec of processed food passes the lips of your child? Because quite frankly feeding children biscuits is likely to have a far more profound affect on them than an ultrasound in the womb...

MrsTerryPratchett · 18/09/2026 11:57

The combination of 'reassurance scan' and alllllll the thinking about scans. Anxiety at all OP?

Sartre · 18/09/2026 11:48

Not a left handed child! I’d much rather have one born with a life threatening condition personally.

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 11:44

Morninginesa · 18/09/2026 11:03

When were you pregnant?

I had my baby fairly recently and then sort of stumbled across this!

OP posts:
faerylune · 18/09/2026 11:06

Pinklightning · 18/09/2026 10:19

Jeez, how awful that repeated scans could (yeah, right) result in a LEFT handed child. I can’t imagine anything worse😱 Most people would definitely happily skip scans that could detect significant physical issues so that they don’t give birth to a leftie.

Seriously, get a grip.

exactly, I don't think thread was posted with good intentions.

Morninginesa · 18/09/2026 11:03

When were you pregnant?

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

OP posts:
Pinkflamingo10 · 18/09/2026 10:38

Just go for the medically recommended nhs scans and don’t go for extra private scans as per “alara” principle.

LimitedAddition · 18/09/2026 10:32

I understand how this could concern you, but I do not think it is worth worrying about this. If there were significant impacts of scans that would be pretty clear by now, given that they have been part of the process for every pregnant woman for so long now.

If you are pregnant again I urge you not to skip any scans. My child’s serious disability was picked up at their 12-week scan, and was not noticeable on later scans.

We are so lucky to have access to the medical technology we have in this country. Women in many parts of the world, and their children, suffer greatly because they don’t have access to the same.

ColdAsAWitches · 18/09/2026 10:30

Realistically, your baby was in much more danger on the drive to the scan than from any potential harm from the scan itself. We weigh up risks all the time, as a previous poster said.

PinkWaffleMaker · 18/09/2026 10:28

Most other countries scan women far more often than we do in the U.K. and pretty much every baby gets those scans. If there was actual harm it would be obvious at a population level.

NIPT is expensive and not a viable option for the NHS. It also doesn’t confirm the location of the pregnancy or the placenta.

I don’t see how ethically they can do a trial where one group is scanned and the other group isn’t.

Ultrasounds identifies babies that are struggling or have structural differences in their anatomy that require attention. They also tell us how many babies are in there, baby’s position and how well the placenta is functioning.

I had a pregnancy where I bled horrifically during the first and second trimester. Ultrasound was the only way to know if the baby was even still in there or alive.

Pre-natal care is optional. You can decline the parts you don’t want. There’s a whole movement of women who have ‘wild’ pregnancies where they don’t engage with standard prenatal care but when you do that you also have to take ownership of the risks/downsides.

Sidebeforeself · 18/09/2026 10:26

The whole world present a risk. You weigh up the risks and benefits. And do you know what? In this case, you dont even have to do that because medically trained professionals have done it for you.

Doriangraysattic · 18/09/2026 10:23

From the age of 3 until around 12, I had regular xrays on my head. There was no thoigh of the damage that they could cause and actually I'm in my 60s now and ok! CTs and ultrasounds are ridiculously safe in comparison

lisaloo88 · 18/09/2026 10:21

It’s all a balance of risks vs benefits. Benefits of ultrasounds outweigh the risks. Just don’t have any of those 4d unnecessary ones

WhatInTheFreshHellIsThis · 18/09/2026 10:21

I understand your worries. It is a medical test with very clear advantages. The risks probably do need looking into a bit more, but the benefits are so strong, they outweigh the potential risks.

Spend a minute thinking about other tests that are done and what risks they might have. X-rays use radiation which we know is dodgy. But the benefits are worth it. A blood test can cause bruising, haematoma or infection. Contrast during radiological tests can cause anaphylaxis. Allergy testing is pretty risky.

Pretty much everything in healthcare carries a risk. The decision to test is always balanced against the risk/benefit. This is why extra scans to just ‘have a peek’ or the 4D scanning is frowned upon. There is no medical benefit to these, so they should not be done.

bababamama · 18/09/2026 10:21

These are vital diagnostic tools that save lives, but perhaps best not to have those high street ones just because you can pay