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AIBU to feel uneasy about the safety evidence for pregnancy ultrasounds?

60 replies

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 09:54

When I was pregnant, I assumed ultrasounds were just harmless sound waves with no effects on the body. I’ve since found out otherwise - there are thermal and mechanical effects. Now in theory this shouldn’t happen at diagnostic levels, but there is a body of studies saying maybe that’s not the case.

There are a lot of animal and cell studies that show harm at low exposure levels. The only large randomised trials (where one group got assigned more scans, one less or none) looking at human effects are pretty old (80s-90s), with mostly observational trials since then (and not many of those either). Some of the old RCTs found increased miscarriage and IUGR in the more scanned group, and a large Swedish study found an increase in left handedness in boys. This was when the machines were much weaker and scans were about 3 mins. Other studies found no effects.

However, in 1992 the max allowed power of the machines was raised 8-fold by the FDA, and there have been very few safety studies at the new much higher intensities. This UK gov white paper is a very thorough review of the literature with conclusions at the end: assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7dfba8ed915d74e33ef48e/RCE-14_for_web_with_security.pdf
The summary is on the UK Government page and the wording doesn’t exactly fill me with confidence! www.gov.uk/government/publications/ultrasound-what-it-is-how-it-works-and-the-impact-of-exposure/ultrasound-what-it-is-how-it-works-and-impact-of-exposure#are-there-any-risks-from-ultrasound-scans

Saying there is “very little” information and there could be subtle neurological effects. In total contrast to “perfectly safe” as the NHS told me.

Likewise this statement from an RCOG paper from 2015: “Most epidemiological ultrasound safety studies consider the use of diagnostic ultrasound at around
18 weeks of gestation or later and there are no epidemiological data specifically addressing exposure
of human embryos to diagnostic ultrasound. In addition, most epidemiological evidence derives from
B-mode scanners in commercial use 20–25 years ago, whereas the acoustic outputs from modern devices
have increased 10- to 15-fold over the last decades.35 If there are adverse effects of ultrasound during
pregnancy which are dose- and time-dependent during embryonic or fetal development, then the
available epidemiological data are so limited as to preclude any meaningful conclusions to be drawn.”

www.rcog.org.uk/media/5vvly24v/sip-49.pdf?

There’s been concerning animal studies, like diagnostic ultrasound affecting neuronal migration in mice, and causing mice to be less social and more hyperactive.


pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1538990/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24249575/

I can’t say how well animal studies relate to humans (the first paper theorises this) but neuronal migration disorders in humans manifest in a number of ways, like developmental delay.

There is a plethora of articles summarising the issues, all with references. Here are a couple:
https://sarahbuckley.com/ultrasound-scans-in-pregnancy-your-questions-answered/

https://townsendletter.com/ultrasound-j-west/#fn46

  • this journalist actually found and compiled 50 Chinese studies in women who were about to get abortions, where they used advanced techniques to examine the cells after abortion, and found all sorts of cell and tissue damage at just a few minutes of diagnostic ultrasound exposure. There is a book on Amazon though I haven’t read it. This is one study example: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26782527/

www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/medical-imaging/ultrasound-imaging#benefitsrisks

The FDA, RCOG and UK government basically say “we think it’s safe but we don’t really know, more studies are needed as most of them are old and irrelevant, there might be subtle neurological effects, so don’t go to 4D scan boutiques!” - but 4D scan places are everywhere and allowed to be open? They also say scans should follow the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) principle and limit exposure and time to the lowest needed to get clear images, but apparently a lot of techs don’t even know where the indices are on their own machines and just use preset settings, and hover over the face etc to show parents their baby.

I am actually quite shocked by this. Of course there are clear benefits, but I wish I had been told the potential risks and lack of robust modern safety evidence (it would be impossible to do randomised trials now as no-one would agree to 0 scans! It’s routine care) - you can’t really prove a scan did or didn’t cause some issue in your baby. If I’d known I definitely wouldn’t have paid for a reassurance scan and might have declined the 1st trimester dating one as I knew my dates and had done an NIPT blood test for Down’s.

OP posts:
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ThatLoudCat · 19/09/2026 03:27

Many countries do scans much more frequently. Where I am, you have one at every single appointment, so once a month until 30 weeks and then every two weeks until birth. If ultrasounds were causing an issue, surely we'd see a huge spike of something in these countries that use ultrasound technology so much more freely?

MrsTerryPratchett · 19/09/2026 03:21

PinkWaffleMaker · 18/09/2026 20:43

People have started threads about the increased diagnosis of neurodiversity. Those threads usually end up full of people saying that they can see the neurodiversity going back generations in their families. Neurodiversity isn’t a new thing, in some cases diagnosis is.

My brother clearly has ASD and no diagnosis. And that's not a wholly amateur opinion. No one was diagnosed back then. 'Skyrocketing diagnosis' is just a thing because people don't understand systems.

PinkWaffleMaker · 18/09/2026 20:43

TheWytch · 18/09/2026 14:52

"If there was actual harm it would be obvious at a population level"

Maybe it is - the rocketing number of diagnoses of neurodiversity maybe? Who knows. Maybe it's down to better methods of detection or maybe it has an external cause?

We simply don't know for sure one way or another.

People have started threads about the increased diagnosis of neurodiversity. Those threads usually end up full of people saying that they can see the neurodiversity going back generations in their families. Neurodiversity isn’t a new thing, in some cases diagnosis is.

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 16:02

AnneLovesGilbert · 18/09/2026 13:25

What’s made you look into this? You can’t change the number of scans you had in pregnancy. If you’re experiencing anxiety and have a young baby, which happens to lots of us, please talk to someone.

Came across it in some parenting/birth blog, being quite sceptical wanted to actually check out what they were saying was legit and not another woo-woo person. I have a MSc in statistics so am familiar with stats/papers. Didn’t love what I found, wanted to see what other people thought!

Can’t change anything now but would rather know if I have more children.

OP posts:
OffWith · 18/09/2026 15:23

If there was any danger with ultrasound scans then DD and DS would have come out glowing green.

I had so many I lost counts due to pevious multiple miscarriages, bicornulate uterus with a septum, and potential heart problems that needed to checked regularly along with growth scans. I even went for private reassurance and 3D scans on top of all that!

Edited to add that it would be foolish to attempt to attribute DS's autism to the scans. As far back as our history goes he has had 'eccentric' ancestors, and diagnosed neurodiversity on both sides.

MickyMoonshine · 18/09/2026 15:18

bababamama · 18/09/2026 10:21

These are vital diagnostic tools that save lives, but perhaps best not to have those high street ones just because you can pay

Or if you do make sure they're done by qualified sonographers!

whippersnapper55 · 18/09/2026 15:16

Nothing in life is risk free. About 10% of the population is left handed and that hasn't changed for decades. It also tends to run in families which suggests a genetic component.

The vast majority of pregnant women have at least 2 ultrasounds during pregnancy. If you extrapolate that across the last 30/40 years, I'm pretty sure we'd be aware of any adverse effects by now.

The fact that you're reading up on this so heavily suggests a level of anxiety that is not healthy. Are you a new mum? Are you feeling anxious generally?

cornflakecrunchie · 18/09/2026 15:07

I had zillions of ultrasounds with my twins, OP, doppler etc, I'm an older mum & my mum had dozens of X-Rays for breech me before I was born!
The medical profession does the best it possibly can with the information available at the time.
Don't forget your hormones will still be all over the place.. I cried to my GP when AIDS was at it's most worrying & I'd seen on TV that newborns born to drug addicted AIDS carrying mums were left to die.. hugs.

TheWytch · 18/09/2026 14:52

"If there was actual harm it would be obvious at a population level"

Maybe it is - the rocketing number of diagnoses of neurodiversity maybe? Who knows. Maybe it's down to better methods of detection or maybe it has an external cause?

We simply don't know for sure one way or another.

TunnocksOrDeath · 18/09/2026 14:39

I doubt very much that we do have "a lot more chronic conditions these days".
What we actually have is more research into conditions that hadn't been adequately identified and described 50 years ago, better diagnostic techniques, and better awareness among the general public (i.e. parents) that conditions exist and you don't have to just live with bad stuff.
As the sound waves in a scan have only one source, and have to travel through your body to get to the foetus it's virtually impossible that they could cause any damaging "thermal effects" that you would not have noticed yourself during the scan - The baby would have experienced a greater rise in temperature when you took a shower that morning.

EppingIsFun · 18/09/2026 14:32

Good god, I'm left handed. My brain must have been addled by all those ultrasounds in utero in the eighties! My mum thinks she had one very brief one with me, BTW. My dad and great grandmother are/were also left handed with... no ultrasounds.

This is a very silly thread.

Morninginesa · 18/09/2026 13:49

AnneLovesGilbert · 18/09/2026 13:25

What’s made you look into this? You can’t change the number of scans you had in pregnancy. If you’re experiencing anxiety and have a young baby, which happens to lots of us, please talk to someone.

Good question

You have a baby? (How old?) and you’re spending considerable time reading and worrying about this @Nc4dis … why?

PinkWaffleMaker · 18/09/2026 13:42

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

Edited

It isn’t just poorer counties that have less scans though, most of Europe and the US have more routine scans than we do here.

Batcats · 18/09/2026 13:37

Nothing is ever risk free though. It's amazing though people like yourself OP who clearly have no understanding of scientific studies, zooming in on quite absurd things and thinking that there's some unknown catastrophic danger from having these scans.

I had to get a VQ scan during pregnancy which involves radiation. The risks were clearly explained to me. I can imagine many people wouldn't take the risk of having one. The benefit was, it picked up i had a pulmonary embolism for which I was able to get treatment for.

How did you get to your scan appointment coincidentally? By car? If so that was probably the most riskiest part of your whole appointment.

GreyCarpet · 18/09/2026 13:30

My daughter was born prematurely by EMCS.

Without ultrasound scans, she'd have died in utero 🤷🏻‍♀️

Everything carries a risk. It's impossible to live an entirely risk free life.

AnneLovesGilbert · 18/09/2026 13:25

What’s made you look into this? You can’t change the number of scans you had in pregnancy. If you’re experiencing anxiety and have a young baby, which happens to lots of us, please talk to someone.

WhatHappenedToYourFurnitureCuz · 18/09/2026 13:25

There's also a lack of evidence showing whether there is danger to foetuses from women ingesting vitamin C in pregnancy. Does that make you worried about vitamin C, or does it make you think well of course not, because researchers couldn't ethically conduct a study where large amounts of pregnant women would exclude vitamin C and even if they could, they wouldn't find enough women stupid enough to go along with it?

chirrupybird · 18/09/2026 13:25

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

Edited

You can never prove anything is 100% safe however many studies you do. The studies done don't seem to show any negative effects, but so many things happen in pregnancy and labour it would be practically impossible to say which specific action or inaction (or random occurrence like bleeding at some point) caused any particular (minor) problem with the baby.

Minasama · 18/09/2026 13:17

They’re fine - everyone has them.
No one is having ultrasound on the very early stage bundles of cells so this study is irrelevant to you.
No one is having daily ultrasound.
Avoid 4D or vanity ones if you’re bothered, you only need the 12 week and 20 week scans in a normal pregnancy and the benefits of these clearly outweigh the risks.
I’m sure there’ll be more radiation from flying than from ultrasound?

malificent7 · 18/09/2026 13:15

Is this a joke?.

LimitedAddition · 18/09/2026 13:14

Nc4dis · 18/09/2026 10:56

I agree with you all that there are obvious benefits - I have heard of wild pregnancies but wouldn’t do that! I just naively thought it was risk-free, as it was sort of described that way.

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right? As per the animal studies. It is easy for me to say in hindsight I should have skipped one, as everything was fine in the end.

One argument I don’t 100% buy is “if there was an issue, it would come out, everyone has them and everyone is fine”. We do have a lot more chronic conditions these days but because so much has changed (UPF, pollution, microplastics, obesity) we can’t really attribute it to anything. If scans did have an effects, it would be hard to tell as literally everyone has them apart from some poor countries (that also don’t have the other things) or a few “crunchy” groups.

I would absolutely not do 4D scans now.

Edited

You’re basically saying “How do we know it’s not scans causing an uptick in chronic conditions, when we don’t have evidence it’s NOT?”

But by that same reasoning, you could just pick planes, or wifi signals, or vaccines as the cause - and plenty of people do, using the same logic.

The fact is, there is no good data suggesting a link between the increase in ultrasound scans and the increase in chronic conditions.

And there is plenty of data and understanding, actually, about the multi factorial causes that ARE influencing the increase in chronic conditions. It’s not some mystery that you need to find a random explanation for - actual
scientists are already all over it!

Im sympathetic to your anxiety but you are absolutely on the same path that leads to fixation on conspiracy theories.

Starpeck · 18/09/2026 13:13

Balance of risk isnt it, the absolutely miniscule 'risk' (hesitant to even call it that) is offset by the benefits of clinical ultrasounds. This is why its generally not recommend to get multiple scans just to see baby though, unless there is a clinical benefit then less reason to.

Comesround · 18/09/2026 13:10

Pinklightning · 18/09/2026 10:19

Jeez, how awful that repeated scans could (yeah, right) result in a LEFT handed child. I can’t imagine anything worse😱 Most people would definitely happily skip scans that could detect significant physical issues so that they don’t give birth to a leftie.

Seriously, get a grip.

Why the antagonism?

Mt563 · 18/09/2026 13:07

tealsea · 18/09/2026 12:30

It’s obviously difficult to work out at a population level as by definition the higher risk pregnancies are going to have more scans. I had a IUGR baby on background of a lot of scans - but it was an IVF pregnancy with an early vanishing twin and significant bleeds in mid pregnancy - so the IUGR was due to the reasons for the scans not the scans themselves.

Edited

This. More ultrasounds generally means something to monitor so of course is likely to more often have a baby or delivery with issues.

It's like the statistics about home birth some freebirthers take out of context. Homebirths may look safer because only the most routine births happen at home in the UK and approx 50% of planned homebirths end up transferring to hospital.

Batcats · 18/09/2026 12:57

Obviously there is nothing wrong with being left handed! But it implies that the technology has the potential to do something in the brain, right?

How does it? I'm struggling to see the connection of being left handed and this being the result of technology "doing something to the brain"

Maybe instead of making up crack pot theories it would be more useful to actually look of data of the benefits of ultrasound scans and how important these have been in saving babies lives and picking up serious conditions for both mum and baby.