My research is on toilet design and how it affects safety. Mostly my research is in the U.K. but the same safety concerns are world wide. For example, unisex toilets have been a massive risk factor for girls and women across the world. Amnesty and Plan International discussed this. The latter have schemes to build girls toilets so that it’s not a barrier for girls getting an education. An academic study from India found schoolgirls would rather go out in the open than use toilets that both sexes had access to, because of sexual assault concerns. India has now passed laws to make school toilets single sex.
However, others have looked at changing rooms in leisure centres such as the Women’s Right Network. In 2025, they published a report that outlined police data on sexual violence in leisure centres. Figures reveal that in one year (2023) there were 16 rapes, 80 sexual assaults and 65 acts of voyeurism across 257 leisure centres in England and Wales.
What the WRN (changing rooms) and I ( non-domestic toilets) conclude is that single sex environments are safer. However, a valid and common sense exception is that children need to be in the room that is the sex of their carer. It then follows that we have single sex designs which keep the child safer. It keeps all of us safer at our most vulnerable.
If we had a rule that men could be in women’s toilets with a child, the toilets are mixed sex. The toilet building regulations don’t allow this, unless it’s a universal design (private, from floor to ceiling).
Who does this affect most if we abolish single sex design? Children and women (assaults), anyone having a medical emergency (rescue window times). So it affects people having hypos, strokes, heart attacks, cardiac arrests (11% are on the toilet), drug overdoses, self harm, head injuries. After all, toilets are where people, including children, go when they feel ill. It also affects the hygiene within the toilet room. Microbiologists warn against more unisex toilets in hospitals as the pathogen load is higher. Men’s toilets are worse than women’s toilets, but unisex are the worst because of design.
The design on the left is only permitted in single sex environments. There are obvious exceptions for cleaners and children. If you start letting other men into women’s toilets, the design of the toilet has to change.