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Could have versus could of

164 replies

Trendyname · 09/09/2025 12:40

Could have done.✔️
could of done. Incorrect

Explanation:

Could = ability in past. Being able to in a time which is past now.

Could have = something that was possible in past.

have is followed by past participle

Past participle is what we write after have in sentences. Eg done, eaten, bought.

could have + finished
could have + gone
could have + written
could have + done

Easier way to remember is:

The ‘have done’ after could is similar to when we use ‘have done’ in a sentence like
‘I have done all my tasks for today’
or ‘ I have finished all my tasks for today’

You ‘could have picked’ some vegetables on your way home.

We never say ‘ I of done my tasks for today’ or ‘ I of finished my work’

‘Would have’ has a similar structure in the sentence, the meaning is different. I think we all know the meaning but some of us use structure wrongly.

Would have ✔️

Would of incorrect

Maybe I am AIBU to post here, but I see so many people use it incorrectly here. English is my second language, so if you find any mistakes, please go ahead and correct.

OP posts:
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PractisingMyTelekenipsis · 20/09/2025 14:51

ParanoidGynodroid · 10/09/2025 09:41

The pub where DD worked had a sign on the ladies loo saying “No dogs aloud” so presumably they were allowed in as long as they didn’t bark! 🙂

On the subject of dogs:

…but you manage not to say "I'm taking my dug for a walk".

They do say that where I come from in Scotland!

We went on holiday years ago. There was a sign on the door to the swimming pool saying "No outdoor shoes aloud"
DS, who was about 5, said to the man on the door "can I wear my shoes if they are quiet?"
The man was oblivious as to what he meant.

NamelessNancy · 20/09/2025 14:34

CoffeeCantata · 20/09/2025 14:26

Of is always pronounced ov.

Off is pronounced with an f, rather than a v, sound.

In my accent of = ov; 've = uh-v

Off is different to both but shouldn't be adding to any confusion I wouldn't have (of) thought.

CoffeeCantata · 20/09/2025 14:26

VeryQuaintIrene · 11/09/2025 23:33

I don't think that's true at all. I am sure that when I say "could've" it sounds pretty much the same as if I were saying "could of", which I never would do in a million years.

Of is always pronounced ov.

Off is pronounced with an f, rather than a v, sound.

marshmallowfinder · 20/09/2025 13:44

TheWytch · 12/09/2025 14:24

I think it's a lost cause myself.

Oh no...please don't say that! I can't bear it!

SquaredPaper · 12/09/2025 14:58

TheWytch · 12/09/2025 14:24

I think it's a lost cause myself.

Agreed.

TheWytch · 12/09/2025 14:24

I think it's a lost cause myself.

VeryQuaintIrene · 12/09/2025 14:22

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 14:16

I hope you don't mean that @VeryQuaintIrene .

@SquaredPaper , it's people not realising that what they hear as 'could of' is 'could've',and they don't realise that 'could of' doesn't make sense.

Haha! No II absolutely do not! And never would of written that ever :) :)

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 14:16

I hope you don't mean that @VeryQuaintIrene .

@SquaredPaper , it's people not realising that what they hear as 'could of' is 'could've',and they don't realise that 'could of' doesn't make sense.

bumbaloo · 12/09/2025 14:01

VeryQuaintIrene · 12/09/2025 13:29

In my accent (RP/London) they sound completely the same, so it probably is regional. That said, "could have" is never, ever right and it's not really hard to get it right. Some things in English are trickier (apostrophes, for example) but this is not that.

‘Could have’ IS correct. Are you thinking ‘could of’ is the correct term?

SquaredPaper · 12/09/2025 13:45

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 09:19

@NamelessNancy , it is jarring, and it is distinctly different. They definitely are not saying 'could've, they are saying 'could of'.

Yes, but I think the point people are making is that the mistake comes from a misunderstanding of what the contraction ‘could’ve’ is a contraction of.

People are saying ‘I could of gone’ because they think that’s what someone saying ‘I could’ve gone’ is saying — only now it’s gone viral. People hear the wrong version everywhere and see it written down.

VeryQuaintIrene · 12/09/2025 13:29

In my accent (RP/London) they sound completely the same, so it probably is regional. That said, "could have" is never, ever right and it's not really hard to get it right. Some things in English are trickier (apostrophes, for example) but this is not that.

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 09:19

@NamelessNancy , it is jarring, and it is distinctly different. They definitely are not saying 'could've, they are saying 'could of'.

NamelessNancy · 12/09/2025 09:12

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 09:05

@VeryQuaintIrene I don't think you understood my post. It depends on how you say of.
If you say of as uv, 've and of sound the same. if you say of as ov, they don't.

I have heard far too many say could of as kʊd ɒv as opposed to kʊd əv.

Maybe it's regional? It's distinctly different the way I would say them and "could of" is very jarring.

PendantScorner · 12/09/2025 09:05

@VeryQuaintIrene I don't think you understood my post. It depends on how you say of.
If you say of as uv, 've and of sound the same. if you say of as ov, they don't.

I have heard far too many say could of as kʊd ɒv as opposed to kʊd əv.

VeryQuaintIrene · 11/09/2025 23:33

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 16:29

@dcsp , "could of" and "could've" sound identical,
Debatable. It does if you say of as 'uv'.

Those who say 'could of' clearly say 'ov'.

I don't think that's true at all. I am sure that when I say "could've" it sounds pretty much the same as if I were saying "could of", which I never would do in a million years.

CoffeeCantata · 11/09/2025 16:43

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 16:25

I think Winston Churchill said that in terms of good style, English words were better than foreign words and short words better than long ones.
I don't know if he actually said it, but that was his style in both writing and speech.
With style, you pitch it to your audience, so you use words and language that the reader or listener can understand clearly.

If you look at his speeches, they’re powerful because of their simplicity (which might and taken more effort to achieve than a convoluted style!).

Another example of superb English style is the narration of the old documentary series The World at War. Simple, powerful, spare and moving - written by the historian Neal Ascherson.

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 16:29

@dcsp , "could of" and "could've" sound identical,
Debatable. It does if you say of as 'uv'.

Those who say 'could of' clearly say 'ov'.

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 16:25

I think Winston Churchill said that in terms of good style, English words were better than foreign words and short words better than long ones.
I don't know if he actually said it, but that was his style in both writing and speech.
With style, you pitch it to your audience, so you use words and language that the reader or listener can understand clearly.

dcsp · 11/09/2025 16:08

Trendyname · 09/09/2025 12:40

Could have done.✔️
could of done. Incorrect

Explanation:

Could = ability in past. Being able to in a time which is past now.

Could have = something that was possible in past.

have is followed by past participle

Past participle is what we write after have in sentences. Eg done, eaten, bought.

could have + finished
could have + gone
could have + written
could have + done

Easier way to remember is:

The ‘have done’ after could is similar to when we use ‘have done’ in a sentence like
‘I have done all my tasks for today’
or ‘ I have finished all my tasks for today’

You ‘could have picked’ some vegetables on your way home.

We never say ‘ I of done my tasks for today’ or ‘ I of finished my work’

‘Would have’ has a similar structure in the sentence, the meaning is different. I think we all know the meaning but some of us use structure wrongly.

Would have ✔️

Would of incorrect

Maybe I am AIBU to post here, but I see so many people use it incorrectly here. English is my second language, so if you find any mistakes, please go ahead and correct.

@Trendyname when you say:
"Could have done.✔️
could of done. Incorrect"

Do you mean in written or spoken English?

In written English, you're 100% correct, but In spoken English, "could of" and "could've" sound identical, and "could've" is perfectly correct.

CoffeeCantata · 11/09/2025 16:04

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 12:05

@Thepeopleversuswork , grammar and spelling isn't about using 'big words'.
You can get your point across by writing simply and clearly.

I think Winston Churchill said that in terms of good style, English words were better than foreign words and short words better than long ones.

Before anyone jumps in, in this context ‘foreign’ words refers to words of Latin or French origin (things like drink instead of imbibe, or try instead of endeavour etc).

I think he was right. For pps saying they don’t use long words, no problem. They don’t necessarily make for a good English style.

FullLondonEye · 11/09/2025 15:28

MotherofPufflings · 10/09/2025 16:24

some people lack the literacy skills for the job they’re doing.

I'm going to take a wild guess that you're a teacher, lots of whom, in my experience, cling to the belief that good SPAG is essential to do well in life. Out in the big wide world, there are lots of people who wouldn't know (or care) that it's "could have" not "of" who hold down demanding, responsible jobs and are perfectly able to communicate what they mean.

My husband's SPAG isn't the best and he says and writes "could of" and other appallingly ungrammatical things. However, he's incredibly intelligent, is educated to post-graduate level and has had a high-flying professional career. He reads widely (fiction and non-fiction) and has fantastic general knowledge. He was the first person in his family to stay at school after the age of 15 and I imagine he's never absorbed the correct versions of the grammar he grew up hearing. It hasn't held him back though.

I'm a bit of a pedant myself, but I don't try and kid myself that it in any way reflects a superior level of intelligence.

My husband is one of those who was not given basic literacy skills as part of his education for various reasons. 'Could of' etc. are perfectly normal for him, along with many other hideous, faintmaking bastardisations of the English language - however we regularly joke about the fact that it's his skills bringing the big money into this house. I'm well educated and an academic snob but I appreciate him as he is. He's a tradesman - a very successful one. He's far from stupid but his intelligence is not the academic kind. He's not ashamed of this and neither am I which is why we can joke about the gap between us educationally. However he is very aware of how other people judge him, and they definitely do. He knows there's a significant proportion of society that looks down upon him for his lack of language skills and doesn't see past that, so while he knows he has nothing to be ashamed of, he also is very clear that he doesn't want our daughters to grow up speaking, writing and communicating as he does. Whether we like it or not and whether it's justifiable or not, we are all judged on how we present ourselves and our oral and written communications are part of that.

Dyslexia is one problem, no arguments there. Poor education is part of it too but that can be corrected later on and I'm not judging these people poorly. Unfortunately wilful ignorance and a kind of inverse snobbery are a large part of the problem. There's some kind of strange subset of society that has grown to take pride in being 'thick'. I do judge those people and don't feel bad about it.

Worralorra · 11/09/2025 14:23

It’s a common mistake, caused by the very commonly used verbal contraction “would’ve”…

MinniemouseDisney · 11/09/2025 14:16

Do teachers not correct pupils if they use 'of' incorrectly? Are exam papers marked down if there are grammatical errors?

I have seen threads if Mumsnet when someone corrects spelling/grammar and posters rush to the defence of the person making the mistakes. One such thread and the OP wanted to go to university to study councilling. Yes it should be counselling.

Poor standards are accepted now and it even seems to be a badge of honour. Just look at TV announcers and adverts and compare the spoken language to a few decades ago. No I am not referring to regional accents but poor grammar and pronunciation.

JustChillin70 · 11/09/2025 14:13

It is never could of, so there is nothing to remember

PendantScorner · 11/09/2025 14:04

I'm just questioning the motives of people who start grammar threads on Mumsnet. preaching to the choir and talking to themselves
I agree with you.
Threads in Pedants' corner are OK.