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Who’s going to pay our pensions in 20-30years if the UK keeps its birth rate low and also restricts immigration?

565 replies

AlertEagle · 27/07/2025 12:59

posted from another forum
Serious question. The UK’s birth rate is well below replacement level, meaning fewer young people entering the workforce. At the same time, the political mood seems pretty anti-immigration, even though immigration is one of the only things that’s kept the tax base stable.

State pensions are paid by current workers’ National Insurance contributions, not some magic fund. So… what happens when there’s a huge retired population and not enough working-age people to support them?

Will the government raise taxes, increase the retirement age, cut pensions, or eventually U-turn on immigration just to prop things up?

Feels like a ticking time bomb no one’s really addressing. Curious what others think, is anyone actually planning for this?

Or are we as a nation willing to give up state pensions if it means less immigration?

OP posts:
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CareerChange24 · 27/07/2025 17:30

Oblomov25 · 27/07/2025 16:42

Agree with pp that it's all worryingly bleak.

It really is bleak. I’m 35 and my parents are in their 70’s. I could never have the wealth they have acquired and have done everything right, gone to uni, worked. They gave me a massive deposit to help and it was still hard. I think their generation was the last on the gravy train to the top, it’s now coming back down…fast.

Lioncub2020 · 27/07/2025 17:28

When the state pension was introduced 80 or so years ago at 60/65 the average life expectancy was about 65. Now life expectancy is 82. People also now start working later on average. This is fundamentally why the system is fucked. People pay a bit less time and draw out for a much longer time. It needs to be rebased to a retirement age closer to 80.

CareerChange24 · 27/07/2025 17:25

TooManyCupsAndMugs · 27/07/2025 13:29

I agree with this. I don't believe that anyone has the right to sit around and be economically inactive for 20 odd years of their life just because they worked for 40 years or whatever. I doubt I'll have the stamina to teach until I'm 70 but I'm sure I'll have the brainpower to do a less strenuous job when I'm older.

Give an example of what type of job

Digdongdoo · 27/07/2025 17:20

BlueyNeedsToFuckOff · 27/07/2025 17:07

Also if you are child free then you aren't worried about passing on an inheritance to children, so that will fund some of the gap. Child free folk will be fine.

While I agree with this, there needs to be a better way of releasing money from any property than there is at the moment. Equity release isn’t great, and there really aren’t many decent downsizing options.

Other than downsizing and equity release, how would one release money from property? What "better way" could there be?

BlueyNeedsToFuckOff · 27/07/2025 17:07

Also if you are child free then you aren't worried about passing on an inheritance to children, so that will fund some of the gap. Child free folk will be fine.

While I agree with this, there needs to be a better way of releasing money from any property than there is at the moment. Equity release isn’t great, and there really aren’t many decent downsizing options.

FreedomandPeace · 27/07/2025 17:04

YourBlueScroller · 27/07/2025 17:02

Raise retirement age to 70. Freeze pension increases.

Also if you are child free then you aren't worried about passing on an inheritance to children, so that will fund some of the gap. Child free folk will be fine.

Plenty of cheaper countries still to move to.

Freeze pension increases!

I assume you don’t mean forever

YourBlueScroller · 27/07/2025 17:03

But if the AI revolution is as expected, the #childfreegeneration-ers might be onto something, as it may well be that we end up with a huge rate of unemployment in the next generation as jobs are replaced and they won’t be funding our pensions anyway.

This as well.

FreedomandPeace · 27/07/2025 17:03

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:58

It’s not the wages it’s the expenditure that cripples the young. The older want a better health service and to keep the triple lock then there needs to be a way to tax from the demographic as well.

Agree

Pensioners are taxed once their income, which includes the state pension, gets over £12570.

What they don’t pay is national insurance

YourBlueScroller · 27/07/2025 17:02

Raise retirement age to 70. Freeze pension increases.

Also if you are child free then you aren't worried about passing on an inheritance to children, so that will fund some of the gap. Child free folk will be fine.

Plenty of cheaper countries still to move to.

FreedomandPeace · 27/07/2025 17:01

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:58

at some point for those born after 2000 onwards who have had the benefit of employer pension contributions ( compulsory for all from 2018) we might see means testing of income

Most pensioners have private pensions now, schemes haven't got more generous.

Perhaps the means testing will be the same threshold as winter fuel, 70k household income?

Just considering means testing seems reasonable once everyone has had the benefit of employer contributions. As that came in in 2018 it would be for all those born around 2000
although appreciate zero hour contracts have impacted that

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:58

It’s not the wages it’s the expenditure that cripples the young. The older want a better health service and to keep the triple lock then there needs to be a way to tax from the demographic as well.

Agree

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:58

at some point for those born after 2000 onwards who have had the benefit of employer pension contributions ( compulsory for all from 2018) we might see means testing of income

Most pensioners have private pensions now, schemes haven't got more generous.

Perhaps the means testing will be the same threshold as winter fuel, 70k household income?

Venalopolos · 27/07/2025 16:46

I’m in my 30s and have no expectation that there even will be a state pension by the time I get there.

But if the AI revolution is as expected, the #childfreegeneration-ers might be onto something, as it may well be that we end up with a huge rate of unemployment in the next generation as jobs are replaced and they won’t be funding our pensions anyway.

Oblomov25 · 27/07/2025 16:42

Agree with pp that it's all worryingly bleak.

frozendaisy · 27/07/2025 16:37

To balance the books there needs to be more tax on the unearned wealth, basically the rise of house prices and untaxed investment dividends, not the already stretched younger workers.

It’s not the wages it’s the expenditure that cripples the young. The older want a better health service and to keep the triple lock then there needs to be a way to tax from the demographic as well.

Once you get a voting population that has more renters than home owners they will vote for a party that puts their needs first. And that is going to happen.

happystrummer · 27/07/2025 16:32

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:26

@happystrummer and it not particular good for society that your success in life now depends on what your parents can give you vs your income/job.

Yes agreed.. there's a whole heap of generational inequity which is just getting worse.

FreedomandPeace · 27/07/2025 16:31

I think there comes a point where raising the pension age is pointless.

Thats not to say I dont think it will get to 70 but I doubt it would go further

So to balance the books
increase taxes
reduce welfare spending

at some point for those born after 2000 onwards who have had the benefit of employer pension contributions ( compulsory for all from 2018) we might see means testing of income

frozendaisy · 27/07/2025 16:31

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:26

@happystrummer and it not particular good for society that your success in life now depends on what your parents can give you vs your income/job.

No it’s not
but it’s another consideration when having a child
another reason for lower birth rates

or have a baby and basically say, here have a life of hard work, little reward but you know Mr&Mrs Greybeard in detached No.9 you can feel good keeping their pension payments going!

not really an incentive is it?

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:31

Assisted dying. We will be killed by the state

I think that is wishful thinking & we likely can't afford to give everyone a dignified & controlled death. People will be left to rot & starve tbh.

Pyrus · 27/07/2025 16:30

I think things will look very different but I can't imagine it. Maybe immigration will be restricted to people qualified to work here, UBI may be a thing, state pension may be means tested, private pensions may be better, who knows, I'm sure someone will come up with something.
The boomers will have died off so it will be Gen X and millennials needing pensions, are there less of those?

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:29

I have relatives that had normal public sector jobs that live in houses now worth 1m plus who retired in their late 50s & early 60s on amazing pensions. Thats unthinkable today unless you earn hundreds of thousands.

DrCoconut · 27/07/2025 16:29

BlueJuniper94 · 27/07/2025 15:56

Assisted dying. We will be killed by the state, and this will be good and virtuous

This is why I've said on other threads that state sanctioned killing of citizens must never be allowed, whatever the reason. It's too risky a slippery slope. (If someone with capacity genuinely and voluntarily wishes to end their own life eg in cases of terminal illness, that is a different debate.)

duvetsmuvet · 27/07/2025 16:26

@happystrummer and it not particular good for society that your success in life now depends on what your parents can give you vs your income/job.

DorothyWainwright · 27/07/2025 16:26

They need to make it easier for youngsters to pay into a pension as soon as they have a job. My teen has finished college and will have a year off to work. He hasn't been auto enrolled into his work pension so we have to sort that out. He could have been paying little bits into a pension since his first Xmas job at 17. He's already maxed out this years LISA.

Theroadt · 27/07/2025 16:21

frozendaisy · 27/07/2025 13:07

Raise pension age
freeze tax brackets
eventually means test

Denmark are going for 70 state pension - other countries will think if they can we should or have to

basically it should be 12 from avaersge life expectancy

you want to retire earlier you will need to fund it

and raising the bar for disability payments is the first step - do that first so it’s work or job sealers then raise pension age

maybe if they made equity release on property a bit more fair rather than private banking making the t&c criminal? People could opt to fund from that

Absolutely. We need to get more people into work (am not bashing disabled people)