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Who's read 'Age of Diagnosis' (overdiagnosis in Long Covid, ADHD, Lymes, autism, cancer screening)

437 replies

FrodoBiggins · 27/05/2025 23:42

Inspired by another thread, has anyone read/ listened to Suzanne O’Sullivan's new book Age of Diagnosis? I just finished it and found it so interesting. She's a high profile consultant neurologist.

Touches on Long Covid, Autism, ADHD, Lymes disease (all in terms of diagnostic debates) and also Huntingdons genetic testing and Cancer/ Alzheimers screening (along what benefits there are of knowing of a risk/ certainty of future illness, especially if there is no cure).

I'll quote from a review:

"in her outstanding new book O’Sullivan offers a third possibility; that variance in bodily and mental health is being unnecessarily medicalised and pathologised: “We are not getting sicker – we are attributing more to sickness.”
She describes a trinity of “overs”. Overdiagnosis, where a medical problem is treated when treatment might not be needed; overmedicalisation, where non-medical behaviours are turned into the business of doctors; and underlying both, overdetection: we are ever better at identifying signals of disease, sometimes earlier than necessary, when those indicators may not end up presaging the disease itself. Alongside balanced analysis of the epidemiological data on prostate and breast cancer, O’Sullivan examines the growth in behavioural conditions such as autism and ADHD. The tone is not sneering or dismissive, as debunkings of bad science so often can be. O’Sullivan is instead full of compassion, care and grace."

I believe it was also the Radio 4 Book of the Week. The full review quoted from above is here: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/12/the-age-of-diagnosis-by-suzanne-osullivan-review-do-no-harm?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

Has anyone else read it? Thoughts?

The Age of Diagnosis by Suzanne O’Sullivan review – do no harm

A doctor’s brilliant study of the dangers of overdiagnosis, from ADHD to long Covid

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/12/the-age-of-diagnosis-by-suzanne-osullivan-review-do-no-harm?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

OP posts:
Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 10:07

faerietales · 28/05/2025 10:00

But the “self serving adult male” you describe is someone showing incredibly clear signs of autism - poor social skills, info dumping and an inability to see things from another point of view are all classic signs of the condition.

Yet because he presents in a way that pisses you off or annoys you, he’s criticised. It’s a tale as old as time when it comes to neurodiversity.

Let's also include narcissistic people then. Where does it end. I don't care if everyone says they are autistic just don't pretend they speak for individuals that are massively impacted by their severe symptoms.

NormaMajors1992coat · 28/05/2025 10:06

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 09:55

Yep, the adult diagnosis is banged out by private clinics in an.hour after completing tick.box forms. There's a large number of adult diagnosis now. I prefer a spectrum, at least the people that struggle day to day and cannot look after themselves don't get lumped in with the look at me I'm autistic adult private clinic diagnosis. Having worked with adults with PROFOUND and LIFE CHANGING challenges, that cannot look after themselves, even do self care, cannot live alone, never have relationships or work it's completely different.

Edited

Not being able to manage basic self care is not one of the diagnostic criteria for autism though. That’s not what autism is. The criteria allow for people with what you describe as profound difficulties and those without. One is not more autistic than another, and it’s not their fault if they don’t seem severely enough affected by your standards. They are autistic whether you like it or not.

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 10:04

faerietales · 28/05/2025 10:00

But the “self serving adult male” you describe is someone showing incredibly clear signs of autism - poor social skills, info dumping and an inability to see things from another point of view are all classic signs of the condition.

Yet because he presents in a way that pisses you off or annoys you, he’s criticised. It’s a tale as old as time when it comes to neurodiversity.

He's claiming he's the same as the person who needs 24/7 care and lacking any independence skills.

Perhaps high functioning and low functioning or Asperghers should be used?

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 10:03

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 09:55

Yep, the adult diagnosis is banged out by private clinics in an.hour after completing tick.box forms. There's a large number of adult diagnosis now. I prefer a spectrum, at least the people that struggle day to day and cannot look after themselves don't get lumped in with the look at me I'm autistic adult private clinic diagnosis. Having worked with adults with PROFOUND and LIFE CHANGING challenges, that cannot look after themselves, even do self care, cannot live alone, never have relationships or work it's completely different.

Edited

There isn’t. You have just spouted complete rubbish. Clinics can not spout out an autism diagnosis in an hour with just a tick box form. There’s not a large number of adult diagnosis. Previously autism diagnoses (like adhd)was heavily genderised which left women and girls undiagnosed. Now we have better knowledge and diagnostics those lost women and girls want their diagnoses. Don’t really get what you prefer,your ignorance is palpable.

AllProperTeaIsTheft · 28/05/2025 10:01

Absolutely agree with this. If societal expectations weren't so rigid we could absolutely make space for the normality of people being different from each other.

I hear this a lot and I sympathise, but I often wonder what these specific expectations are, and how you could make individual people change their expectations. You're obviously right that people are different from each other, but that means that people's own societal expectations are also always going to be different too. That makes it impossible to create a society where societal expectations are universally non-rigid. I'm assuming that even if the world were populated entirely by ND people, it would still be impossible to have a set of societal expectations which would make everyone comfortable.

faerietales · 28/05/2025 10:00

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 09:50

I have actually experienced an adult rock up to a group with 'I'm autistic' a recent diagnosis, aged mid 50s, then assuming to speak for 'autistic people ' . It happens. The poor individuals that struggle with every aspect of their life dumped in the same box as this self serving adult male know it all who now wants to speak for them since he's 'autistic'.

But the “self serving adult male” you describe is someone showing incredibly clear signs of autism - poor social skills, info dumping and an inability to see things from another point of view are all classic signs of the condition.

Yet because he presents in a way that pisses you off or annoys you, he’s criticised. It’s a tale as old as time when it comes to neurodiversity.

Saz12 · 28/05/2025 10:00

Screening (not for ND, but for illnesses), investgat8ve scans, etc are so effective now that we can have anomalies spotted v early. Sometimes spotted incidentally - so they investigate xyz but also happen across unrelated anomaly abc at the same time. Would you want to know?
Treatment for conditions that are asymptomatic and you are very likely to outlive... probably not worth the side effects, but I'm fairly sure I'd want to be treated anyway, just in case. Irrational of course.

I also see normal things being spoken about as if they are medical issues- being worried about your unwell baby isn't health anxiety; mourning the death of a loved one isn't depression, being unfit because you don't exercise isn't a heart condition, though I guess all those things CAN ultimately cause a medical issue.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 09:59

“Expertise in adhd diagnosis “ being the key words. She doesn’t have that

And re autism-“A formal diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) requires an assessment by a specialist team, often including doctors, psychologists, and speech-language therapists. For children, the team should ideally include a pediatrician or a child and adolescent psychiatrist. A diagnosis cannot be made without a comprehensive assessment. “

She doesn’t get to over ride said assessments, MDT teams and professionals with expertise who very much feel diagnosis was warranted and needed in regards to my children.

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 09:55

TheAgileGoldPoet · 28/05/2025 09:34

Not true that only a Psychiatrist can diagnose adult ADHD, that's how so many people are now being diagnosed by private clinics who bang out assessments in an hour online.

The NICE guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children or adults says psychiatrist, paediatrician or another healthcare professional with expertise in ADHD diagnosis. So nurses, psychologists and other healthcare professionals can and do diagnose in NHS and private clinics.

You don't even need a psychiatrist to prescribe medication, there are thousands of nurse prescribers in the UK , many of whom are prescribing medication for ADHD. They're overseen by psychiatrists but there are far too many prescriptions needed for it to be solely the role of psychiatrists.

And the nurses are much cheaper.

Yep, the adult diagnosis is banged out by private clinics in an.hour after completing tick.box forms. There's a large number of adult diagnosis now. I prefer a spectrum, at least the people that struggle day to day and cannot look after themselves don't get lumped in with the look at me I'm autistic adult private clinic diagnosis. Having worked with adults with PROFOUND and LIFE CHANGING challenges, that cannot look after themselves, even do self care, cannot live alone, never have relationships or work it's completely different.

JustHereWithMyPopcorn · 28/05/2025 09:54

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 00:17

Yes, I've read it, and I would once have agreed things like ADHD.autism are overdiagnosed, until I got involved with the realities of that community. I now think they are actually under-diagnosed, especially among women.

My own view is that it's the nature of society, rather than the traits themselves, that cause difficulties for ND people. In another society, they may blend in perfectly as it would accommodate differences better and everyone would find their niche. However, this is the society we are forced to be in so, from that POV, recognising the difference may be helpful and necessary. But society is the problem, not the person or traits.

Some things may be over treated perhaps, when different management would do?

Edited

Absolutely agree with this. If societal expectations weren't so rigid we could absolutely make space for the normality of people being different from each other. I believe I am one of those women who were neve diagnosed because I learnt how to behave for society while feeling like a terrible misfit most of the time, desperate to please people to my own detriment and with terrible anxiety that hid behind a front of confidence. It makes me very sad to think about what life could have been like for me with a more understanding society.

TheAgileGoldPoet · 28/05/2025 09:54

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 09:25

That documentary has since been scrutinised and criticised for poor journalism.

It is hard and very expensive ( if private)to get an autism diagnosis. ADHD diagnosis is expensive as is subsequent titration and funding of meds

You would only want either on your medical records for very good reasons.

Well, you clearly have a viewpoint you don't want to move from.

I can link you to numerous statements like Dr Adamous and other testimony from people who worked within the system who tell you there IS a problem but you want to disregard it. What possible reason do you think people who worked in the sector, championed the entire concept of adult ADHD which wasn't even recognised as a condition till this century -BECAUSE of these practitioners work in getting it recognised, accepted and treated - would want to say there's a misdiagnosis problem?

And I left the sector a few years ago but at that time, private assessments were around £700 which isn't that expensive. Private prescriptions are costly, which is why many people got a private diagnosis then tried to get into the NHS service for treatment and were pissed off when their diagnosis was not upheld.

There are many. many reasons someone would want a diagnosis whether they have the condition or not. I'd say everyone really, really thinks they do so that's a big motivator. They want explanations for how they feel, how their lives have panned out, struggles they have. They are also employment, financial and housing motivators.

And the clinic I worked at, we spent years arguing with the commissioners who said our assessments were too long and in-depth and therefore, too expensive and causing waiting lists. Because we did assessments over several hours, with a multidisciplinary team and with a lot of information required. The commissioners didn't want that, took up too much time and therefore too much money so a while back, the NHS lost that contract and it has gone to a private provider providing a poorer service where it will be easier to get a diagnosis.

These are real things that are really happening.

It's very difficult to have a decent debate about this on MN as posters seem to think it's a personal attack on them, their children or whoever else they know that has ADHD or ASC or that we, with concerns and experience and expertise are somehow 'deniers' of the conditions or their prevalence. And we're not.

Quercus5 · 28/05/2025 09:51

Just listened to the R4 reading from her book Episode 2: Long Covid and I’m absolutely spitting. She says that Long Covid is psychosomatic because there are no tests showing abnormalities and the symptoms are so wide ranging. That’s just completely untrue. I have ME (not Long Covid) and the overlaps between the two illnesses are huge. There is mounting evidence of physical abnormalities showing that ME/LC is a multi-system disease, hence the huge range of symptoms. It’s time doctors actually updated themselves instead of peddling myths from the last century.

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 09:50

NormaMajors1992coat · 28/05/2025 09:35

This is one of the most ignorant posts I have ever read on MN. The trouble with books like this one, even if well-intentioned, is that they can legitimise ignorance and prejudice imo.

I have actually experienced an adult rock up to a group with 'I'm autistic' a recent diagnosis, aged mid 50s, then assuming to speak for 'autistic people ' . It happens. The poor individuals that struggle with every aspect of their life dumped in the same box as this self serving adult male know it all who now wants to speak for them since he's 'autistic'.

Calliopespa · 28/05/2025 09:42

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 00:17

Yes, I've read it, and I would once have agreed things like ADHD.autism are overdiagnosed, until I got involved with the realities of that community. I now think they are actually under-diagnosed, especially among women.

My own view is that it's the nature of society, rather than the traits themselves, that cause difficulties for ND people. In another society, they may blend in perfectly as it would accommodate differences better and everyone would find their niche. However, this is the society we are forced to be in so, from that POV, recognising the difference may be helpful and necessary. But society is the problem, not the person or traits.

Some things may be over treated perhaps, when different management would do?

Edited

That’s a really interesting thought.

tweetysylvester · 28/05/2025 09:41

@GarlicPile Really enjoyed your post. I've had similar reflections from the other side of this (diagnosed at a young age, many years ago).

SomethingInnocuousForNow · 28/05/2025 09:37

DrBlackbird · 28/05/2025 09:11

I remember listening to this woman be interviewed on R4 for her book "It’s All In Your Head" and recounting patient stories. Her faux ‘compassion’ was risible and, to me, her smug arrogance came through loud and clear.

On an individual level, I felt sorry for those who had her as their neurologist. More widely, it was depressing at the thought of the damage this book would do as other doctors read it and began to discount their patient’s symptoms as psychosomatic even more.

If only someone would write a book on the number of people harmed by having their unexplainable symptoms dismissed or minimised by patronising doctors.

And now she’s at it again with this new book. Yes, there are dangers from pathologising and over prescription but in my opinion this book, like the others, grotesquely overstates medical knowledge in understanding human illness and the human body.

I listened to her on the Dr Chattergee podcast recently and honestly felt a bit sick the way she described knowing (as a medical professional) that someone had a medical condition but thinking she should not impart that knowledge to the patient themselves. It was like a God complex and if a patient had come to her feeling something was wrong, would be medical gaslighting.

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 09:36

@RedBeech
Your experience of receiving diagnosis and how treatment helped you (and your family) was really interesting, thanks for sharing. As I think I said in a much earlier comment on here, I think that the book does suffer from the author recognising that a number (if not all) of people she discussed in the ND chapters feel the diagnosis benefited them but then sort of suggesting that there was no real benefit. It would have been better imo to detail how both medication and other treatments/adjustments are provided post-diagnosis and what benefits they have - although she does touch on population-level data on eg exam results. I would have been interested to hear more about adult dx and px, although perhaps that is a whole book in itself!

OP posts:
NormaMajors1992coat · 28/05/2025 09:35

Namechangedformyanswer · 28/05/2025 07:39

This.

The slightest ,behaviour (that might have a number of reasons) triggers a comment of adhd or autism now? It may be, it may not.

The number of adults celebrating their autism wearing it like a badge totally ignorant of the challenges faced by individuals who aren't just showing some behaviour but struggling with their all encompassing autism, non verbal, never live an independent life, no partner or children and daily massive struggle. When the adult married with children and holds down a job rocks up, with the 'I'm autistic too'.

Edited

This is one of the most ignorant posts I have ever read on MN. The trouble with books like this one, even if well-intentioned, is that they can legitimise ignorance and prejudice imo.

TheAgileGoldPoet · 28/05/2025 09:34

SENNeeds2 · 28/05/2025 08:57

a neurologist can not diagnose or treat adhd - only a psychiatrist can - and adhd meds don't work if you don't have adhd - so I am wondering why someone who can't legally diagnose or treat adhd patients has weight to her opinion. if nd's showed up on neurolgist scans it would make life easier ... maybe she could stay on her side of the fence and research into that if she has interest in the subject.

Not true that only a Psychiatrist can diagnose adult ADHD, that's how so many people are now being diagnosed by private clinics who bang out assessments in an hour online.

The NICE guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children or adults says psychiatrist, paediatrician or another healthcare professional with expertise in ADHD diagnosis. So nurses, psychologists and other healthcare professionals can and do diagnose in NHS and private clinics.

You don't even need a psychiatrist to prescribe medication, there are thousands of nurse prescribers in the UK , many of whom are prescribing medication for ADHD. They're overseen by psychiatrists but there are far too many prescriptions needed for it to be solely the role of psychiatrists.

And the nurses are much cheaper.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 09:34

She has zero cancer expertise too.

As I said I know who I would take advice from if potential cancer was flagged up and it wouldn’t be a neurologist with zero expertise and a book to sell.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 09:32

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 09:29

I think it's completely normal in pop science literature for a scientist to write a thematic book without being an expert in each disciple. If that didn't happen only highly specialised books would exist which are largely unreadable to non-scientists. The book's not about ND anyway, it's only a chapter on autism, it's about diagnosis as a concept, and many neurologists are expert diagnosticians.

However there's interesting stuff discussed on the thread from a pure ND viewpoint, someone mentioned Professor Marios Adamou (who pioneered much adult ADHD testing) and his view that ADHD is frequently misdiagnosed privately, and another poster linked to a new book on ND by Dr Sami Tamimi who is a v experienced child psychiatrist.

Neurologists are not autism or adhd diagnosticians. She has zero ND expertise.

Sandy792 · 28/05/2025 09:30

If she's talking about breast cancer and over diagnosis then fine. I think it's quite well known that a lot of women are treated for breast cancer than would never have actually developed due to screening.

But the idea that autism is a sickness is offensive and the idea that it is over medicalised is ridiculous. I don't believe it's over diagnosed or diagnosed too early, I think it's under diagnosed and many people with high functioning ASD fall through the net and spend their whole lives struggling and not knowing why.

SomethingInnocuousForNow · 28/05/2025 09:29

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 08:58

It’s more like £3k and I don’t think many middle class parents have that spare either.

Private assessment is ubiquitous where I live amongst my friendship groups. I'm in a low middle income family and many of our friends (most with higher incomes, some with lower) have purchased private assessments.

I've seen cost ranges from £800 (but dubious looking places tbh) to £5000 for multiple assessment bundles.

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 09:29

SENNeeds2 · 28/05/2025 08:57

a neurologist can not diagnose or treat adhd - only a psychiatrist can - and adhd meds don't work if you don't have adhd - so I am wondering why someone who can't legally diagnose or treat adhd patients has weight to her opinion. if nd's showed up on neurolgist scans it would make life easier ... maybe she could stay on her side of the fence and research into that if she has interest in the subject.

I think it's completely normal in pop science literature for a scientist to write a thematic book without being an expert in each disciple. If that didn't happen only highly specialised books would exist which are largely unreadable to non-scientists. The book's not about ND anyway, it's only a chapter on autism, it's about diagnosis as a concept, and many neurologists are expert diagnosticians.

However there's interesting stuff discussed on the thread from a pure ND viewpoint, someone mentioned Professor Marios Adamou (who pioneered much adult ADHD testing) and his view that ADHD is frequently misdiagnosed privately, and another poster linked to a new book on ND by Dr Sami Tamimi who is a v experienced child psychiatrist.

OP posts:
RedBeech · 28/05/2025 09:27

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 09:25

That documentary has since been scrutinised and criticised for poor journalism.

It is hard and very expensive ( if private)to get an autism diagnosis. ADHD diagnosis is expensive as is subsequent titration and funding of meds

You would only want either on your medical records for very good reasons.

Thank you. I saw that documentary and thought it was appallingly misleading. It had a mission before it began. Nothing exploratory or investigative. It sought proof of its pre-planned outcome. Total confirmation bias.