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Who's read 'Age of Diagnosis' (overdiagnosis in Long Covid, ADHD, Lymes, autism, cancer screening)

437 replies

FrodoBiggins · 27/05/2025 23:42

Inspired by another thread, has anyone read/ listened to Suzanne O’Sullivan's new book Age of Diagnosis? I just finished it and found it so interesting. She's a high profile consultant neurologist.

Touches on Long Covid, Autism, ADHD, Lymes disease (all in terms of diagnostic debates) and also Huntingdons genetic testing and Cancer/ Alzheimers screening (along what benefits there are of knowing of a risk/ certainty of future illness, especially if there is no cure).

I'll quote from a review:

"in her outstanding new book O’Sullivan offers a third possibility; that variance in bodily and mental health is being unnecessarily medicalised and pathologised: “We are not getting sicker – we are attributing more to sickness.”
She describes a trinity of “overs”. Overdiagnosis, where a medical problem is treated when treatment might not be needed; overmedicalisation, where non-medical behaviours are turned into the business of doctors; and underlying both, overdetection: we are ever better at identifying signals of disease, sometimes earlier than necessary, when those indicators may not end up presaging the disease itself. Alongside balanced analysis of the epidemiological data on prostate and breast cancer, O’Sullivan examines the growth in behavioural conditions such as autism and ADHD. The tone is not sneering or dismissive, as debunkings of bad science so often can be. O’Sullivan is instead full of compassion, care and grace."

I believe it was also the Radio 4 Book of the Week. The full review quoted from above is here: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/12/the-age-of-diagnosis-by-suzanne-osullivan-review-do-no-harm?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

Has anyone else read it? Thoughts?

The Age of Diagnosis by Suzanne O’Sullivan review – do no harm

A doctor’s brilliant study of the dangers of overdiagnosis, from ADHD to long Covid

https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/12/the-age-of-diagnosis-by-suzanne-osullivan-review-do-no-harm?CMP=Share_AndroidApp_Other

OP posts:
L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 12:05

NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:50

I’m am not diagnosing ADHD or Autism, simply referring those who request an assessment. But my concern is exactly as you mention, that the process is nowhere near robust enough. To put it simply, I refer between 4 and 7 adults a month via right to choose (i.e. a private provider contracted via the NHS) for autism and/or ADHD assessments. How many of those referrals are either rejected or assessed and advised they do not have a diagnosis? NONE. That is really very concerning. It has now also been flagged as a major concern by the integrated care board, so this isn’t just based on anecdotal evidence.

4-7 adults a month is hardly a lot. The NHS picks providers and most adults will have had many years to mull it over with often dc diagnosed previously. I was fast tracked by the NHS however I will be doing right to choose with one of my adult dc who absolutely is autistic and has adhd. He has long not wanted either on his records but can no longer cope. All his siblings and half his cousins have it, he has the same family history and horrendous traits. He would get a diagnosis anywhere as I’m sure most of your 4-7 patients a month would.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 12:01

TheAgileGoldPoet · 28/05/2025 11:55

ADHD in particular has suffered with the rise of misleading and inaccurate posts on SM, with hashtagADHD being viewed billions of times on Tiktok.

With studies showing that more than 50% of the most popular videos being misleading or inaccurate

.https://chadd.org/attention-article/adhd-on-tiktok/

And experts in ADHD saying so, it's astonishing to me that some people want to claim it isn't a trend.

Reducing a complex neurodevelopmental condition to '10 signs you have ADHD' on social media, most of those 10 things being experiences that the majority of the population experience, IS a trend and IS a problem when those people seek a diagnosis and get one from a shitty private clinic. Or are just self-identifying and going through life claiming a condition they don't have.

In 2024, the most searched conditions in the UK on the NHS websites were COVID with 3.7 million searches and second, ADHD with 3.6 million.

'Increased awareness' doesn't mean anything other than that people are bombarded with information telling them they might have a condition, and I include MN in that, where posts with extremely scant information are met with a reply of 'sounds like ASC/ADHD'.

'Increased awareness' doesn't mean increased understanding or literacy in the MH or ND conditions being mentioned.

And it is, and will continue to be damaging.

It bemuses me that many, many MN posters were understandably concerned about the rapid rise in children and adults identifying as trans/non-binary, often supported by diagnosis and treatment by medical practitioners and saw that as a damaging sociological trend influenced by social media but deny it happening when it comes to ADHD for instance.

So if all these kids are watching inaccurate videos it’s not really going to impact the diagnosis process is it.

TheAgileGoldPoet · 28/05/2025 11:55

ADHD in particular has suffered with the rise of misleading and inaccurate posts on SM, with hashtagADHD being viewed billions of times on Tiktok.

With studies showing that more than 50% of the most popular videos being misleading or inaccurate

.https://chadd.org/attention-article/adhd-on-tiktok/

And experts in ADHD saying so, it's astonishing to me that some people want to claim it isn't a trend.

Reducing a complex neurodevelopmental condition to '10 signs you have ADHD' on social media, most of those 10 things being experiences that the majority of the population experience, IS a trend and IS a problem when those people seek a diagnosis and get one from a shitty private clinic. Or are just self-identifying and going through life claiming a condition they don't have.

In 2024, the most searched conditions in the UK on the NHS websites were COVID with 3.7 million searches and second, ADHD with 3.6 million.

'Increased awareness' doesn't mean anything other than that people are bombarded with information telling them they might have a condition, and I include MN in that, where posts with extremely scant information are met with a reply of 'sounds like ASC/ADHD'.

'Increased awareness' doesn't mean increased understanding or literacy in the MH or ND conditions being mentioned.

And it is, and will continue to be damaging.

It bemuses me that many, many MN posters were understandably concerned about the rapid rise in children and adults identifying as trans/non-binary, often supported by diagnosis and treatment by medical practitioners and saw that as a damaging sociological trend influenced by social media but deny it happening when it comes to ADHD for instance.

ADHD on TikTok - CHADD

Battling Misinformation on Social Media Social media PROVIDES A PLACE for teens and young adults to share what it is like to live with ADHD. While this has led to more awareness about ADHD, and potentially more acceptance, there’s so much information s...

https://chadd.org/attention-article/adhd-on-tiktok/

Riaanna · 28/05/2025 11:55

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 11:51

Yes that's a very fair point. I should have said the duty to make adjustments isn't absolute. That duty is qualified as expressed in the caveat 'reasonable'. That leads to many occasions in which, unfortunately, a need for an adjustment can be unmet without unlawfulness.

Edited

Again misleading. The duty to make reasonable adjustments is absolute.

Case law has well established what can he considered reasonable.

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 11:53

NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:50

I’m am not diagnosing ADHD or Autism, simply referring those who request an assessment. But my concern is exactly as you mention, that the process is nowhere near robust enough. To put it simply, I refer between 4 and 7 adults a month via right to choose (i.e. a private provider contracted via the NHS) for autism and/or ADHD assessments. How many of those referrals are either rejected or assessed and advised they do not have a diagnosis? NONE. That is really very concerning. It has now also been flagged as a major concern by the integrated care board, so this isn’t just based on anecdotal evidence.

Yes, every single referral getting a diagnosis probably does make me raise my eyebrows. I would think that as there will be a reason someone is requesting a referral, there is some issue that maybe makes it more likely that a higher number of people in the referral group would get a diagnosis, when compared to a similar sample size from the general population. But you'd expect for at least a few there would be some other sort of underlying issue identified.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 11:53

And re GPS you say you didn’t have the expertise to even process ADHd meds and engage in shared care so how so much knowledge re the diagnostic process?

So so short sighted. Less right to choose means more pressure on the NHS and even longer wait times. Less shared care means even more pressure on ND consultants…..

NormaMajors1992coat · 28/05/2025 11:51

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 11:40

In my experience GPs don't really have a good understanding of autism and ADHD however, that aside, if the diagnostic process is accurate and robust, does it really matter if everyone gets an assessment?

I would agree with this - here you need a GP referral even for a private ADHD assessment. DD’s GP told her there was no point in a referral because she couldn’t have ADHD, her GCSE grades were too good. Then he said that she might have it but shouldn’t worry and should just think of it as a superpower. She was in tears trying to explain what her life was like. In the end he agreed the referral (probably to shut me up) and she was diagnosed.

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 11:51

Riaanna · 28/05/2025 11:31

You’ve misunderstood.

Reasonable adjustments must be made. If they can’t be made due to onerous costs they aren’t considered reasonable.

Yes that's a very fair point. I should have said the duty to make adjustments isn't absolute. That duty is qualified as expressed in the caveat 'reasonable'. That leads to many occasions in which, unfortunately, a need for an adjustment can be unmet without unlawfulness.

OP posts:
NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:50

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 11:40

In my experience GPs don't really have a good understanding of autism and ADHD however, that aside, if the diagnostic process is accurate and robust, does it really matter if everyone gets an assessment?

I’m am not diagnosing ADHD or Autism, simply referring those who request an assessment. But my concern is exactly as you mention, that the process is nowhere near robust enough. To put it simply, I refer between 4 and 7 adults a month via right to choose (i.e. a private provider contracted via the NHS) for autism and/or ADHD assessments. How many of those referrals are either rejected or assessed and advised they do not have a diagnosis? NONE. That is really very concerning. It has now also been flagged as a major concern by the integrated care board, so this isn’t just based on anecdotal evidence.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 11:50

Toootss · 28/05/2025 11:43

But why don’t you want these diagnoses-is it the cost of the medication?
I would have thought that those undiagnosed on antidepressants are surely better on the correct medication or with counselling and no medication.

This!!!!!

And yes in my experience GPs( along with a lot of NHS staff) are hugely ignorant re ND.

Wouldn't you rather patients have less time under CMHT, less hospital stays, less over medication, less suicide attempts, an easier access to work, less depression, more ability to focus with less dangerous impulsivity, the right treatments which lessens length of treatment…..

RejoiceandSing · 28/05/2025 11:49

I haven't read the book, but I'm mildly irritated that it's been serialised on the radio rather than any of the several more interesting-looking books about disability by disabled authors that have been released recently have received no such attention. e.g. Frances Ryan Who Wants Normal? is an anthology with chapters from all sorts of disabled women. It's on the same display in my local waterstones, so clearly considered in the same kind of category. Or Rachel Chorlton Ramping Up Rights is coming out soon, about the history of disability civil rights in the UK - I bet that's not being converted into radio. I'd much rather curious non-disabled folks read something with disabled voices than something from some arrogant neuro who isn't even qualified to diagnose half the conditions she's on about.

NormaMajors1992coat · 28/05/2025 11:45

I’m all for diagnosing if it helps the individual child cope better… and more importantly isn’t to the detriment of NT kids.

Well done, I guess, for admitting an opinion that I’m sure many on the thread share but few would dare to express. That ND kids may have their diagnoses and support as long as NT kids are not inconvenienced. Because ensuring no detriment to NT kids is more important than helping ND kids to cope.

Toootss · 28/05/2025 11:43

NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:30

I haven’t read the whole thread but I am a GP and myself and other colleagues have had real concerns regarding incorrect and over-diagnosis of Autism and ADHD via the ‘right to choose’ pathway for some time. This has finally been recognised by our local ICB and significant changes are afoot with regards to referral processes and acceptance criteria.

But why don’t you want these diagnoses-is it the cost of the medication?
I would have thought that those undiagnosed on antidepressants are surely better on the correct medication or with counselling and no medication.

Riaanna · 28/05/2025 11:40

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:25

Because @Riaanna you posted to me stating this:

“So you don’t think an autistic person should have the diagnosis of autism?”

And my response was this:

When a person receives a diagnosis it should benefit their quality of life and the diagnosis should be an accurate reflection of a person’s needs so they get the right support.
A diagnosis should not result in an individual being excluded from society, an individual being made to feel there is something wrong with them or detrimental assumptions being made about an individual.

Nope. Still don’t understand what you’re talking about.

PawsAndTails · 28/05/2025 11:40

NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:30

I haven’t read the whole thread but I am a GP and myself and other colleagues have had real concerns regarding incorrect and over-diagnosis of Autism and ADHD via the ‘right to choose’ pathway for some time. This has finally been recognised by our local ICB and significant changes are afoot with regards to referral processes and acceptance criteria.

In my experience GPs don't really have a good understanding of autism and ADHD however, that aside, if the diagnostic process is accurate and robust, does it really matter if everyone gets an assessment?

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 11:35

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:32

@L00pl00p

Ok. The lawfully the bar is set high for a school exclusion. I believe the LA makes the ultimate decision.
My DS’s caseworker is completely overloaded. Emails are often not responded to, she is frequently on leave, she has never met DS, she relies on paperwork.

The paperwork I now realise has been woefully inaccurate.

Me - as a parent - if I do not know the law and fight, schools can push an exclusion - ultimately because they don’t want the burden of SEN children and associated cost (although the LA funds this) and impact on school results.

They may push an exclusion due to behaviours and provision but not for a diagnosis. That’s ludicrous.

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:34

If the caseworker (overloaded) relies on what the school says and makes the decision to exclude - then I need the law. This is not easy at all - delays, DS out of education, fighting differing opinions.

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:32

@L00pl00p

Ok. The lawfully the bar is set high for a school exclusion. I believe the LA makes the ultimate decision.
My DS’s caseworker is completely overloaded. Emails are often not responded to, she is frequently on leave, she has never met DS, she relies on paperwork.

The paperwork I now realise has been woefully inaccurate.

Me - as a parent - if I do not know the law and fight, schools can push an exclusion - ultimately because they don’t want the burden of SEN children and associated cost (although the LA funds this) and impact on school results.

ssd · 28/05/2025 11:32

Looks interesting, tjanks op

Riaanna · 28/05/2025 11:31

FrodoBiggins · 28/05/2025 11:23

Also reasonable adjustments are not an absolute requirement. They have to be made if they can be, but can be avoided if the provider can prove it's too onerous/expensive/generally disproportionate.

You’ve misunderstood.

Reasonable adjustments must be made. If they can’t be made due to onerous costs they aren’t considered reasonable.

L00pl00p · 28/05/2025 11:30

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:22

@MyHouseInThePrairie

Yes I was talking more about ND and excluding children. Relating to my experience : which is 2 exclusions and an attempt to exclude my child before the age of 6.

That isn’t due to an autism diagnosis though, it will be due to symptoms and behaviours.

NKU2029 · 28/05/2025 11:30

I haven’t read the whole thread but I am a GP and myself and other colleagues have had real concerns regarding incorrect and over-diagnosis of Autism and ADHD via the ‘right to choose’ pathway for some time. This has finally been recognised by our local ICB and significant changes are afoot with regards to referral processes and acceptance criteria.

GarlicPile · 28/05/2025 11:28

AllProperTeaIsTheft · 28/05/2025 10:01

Absolutely agree with this. If societal expectations weren't so rigid we could absolutely make space for the normality of people being different from each other.

I hear this a lot and I sympathise, but I often wonder what these specific expectations are, and how you could make individual people change their expectations. You're obviously right that people are different from each other, but that means that people's own societal expectations are also always going to be different too. That makes it impossible to create a society where societal expectations are universally non-rigid. I'm assuming that even if the world were populated entirely by ND people, it would still be impossible to have a set of societal expectations which would make everyone comfortable.

No. If it were possible, you'd row back to the times when it was widely accepted that individuals are individual - that everyone has quirks and peculiarities, everyone has strengths and weaknesses, nothing is all good or all bad. The bee in my bonnet is that we, as a society, are losing our capacity to self-adjust; forgetting how to be flexible and adaptable.

I'm not saying there's ever been an utopia. I'm certainly not wishing we had fewer pathways to the identification and treatment of illnesses / syndromes. But, if you'll forgive me, your assumption that it's impossible to have a set of societal expectations which would make everyone comfortable betrays your 21st century preconception that everything must be systematised, classified, defined.

I'm saying that's a misconception, and I'm suggesting it actually comes from an increasing need for computer-processable data (which does require precision). Yet people are not streams of bytes, you're more than a set of inputs. Look at how laws are written. Laws, not SAP modules, are how societies are regulated. Laws are beautifully written to take account of grey areas and context. Most societies, like ours, feature a built-in legal system that further refines the laws as further considerations become apparent.

It's not impossible; it's natural.

BlueTitFly · 28/05/2025 11:25

Because @Riaanna you posted to me stating this:

“So you don’t think an autistic person should have the diagnosis of autism?”

And my response was this:

When a person receives a diagnosis it should benefit their quality of life and the diagnosis should be an accurate reflection of a person’s needs so they get the right support.
A diagnosis should not result in an individual being excluded from society, an individual being made to feel there is something wrong with them or detrimental assumptions being made about an individual.

CatHairEveryWhereNow · 28/05/2025 11:24

For all those saying it’s society’s “fault” for not being accommodating enough, how would you have it change to accommodate absolutely everyone? I’m genuinely interested in this because no one ever seems to really have an answer.

I found workplace bar huge open plan office - easier than schools. DD1 been given a whole host of software that she finds helps.

But I've seen it said on here that ND kids are the canary in the coal mine and after DD2 last year think there something to that.

No toilet access she coped with but when it got so new super strict rules made it impossible to eat and drink in school day - her anxiety spike and spill over into everything else. She was noticable less stressed when some more experienced staff allowed eating in classrooms then the new rules were quietly dropped. Seating plans now being a thing post covid in lessons - putting her at back where she struggled to see and hear and next to disruptive indiduals rather than what I had some choice in where to sit.

It was always the ND kids or one suspect and sat on waiting list like DD2 who struggled first - as if the capacity to deal was just lower. Worst classes she struggled to stay in did okay in with alot of home support - but rest of class massively underformed - so looked okay but weren't thriving.

I suspect more kids need diagosises because schools and maybe some workplaces are now harder to manage with milder versions of some ND/SEN conditions when in past they could cope.

Plus people don't always know what the conditions actually are - DD1 was pushed to ASD by teachers - NHS experts no doesn't fit at all - inattentive ADHD another path more deplays to get past. I had same with dsylexia - people assuming it means I can't read or do well educationally - tested well even with reading just can't spell.