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To highlight that up to 8% of Cervical Cancers are HPV-independent?

115 replies

ThisPithyJoker · 18/04/2025 19:40

Until I was diagnosed with HPV-indepedent pre-cancerous changes, I had no idea they existed. The NHS has moved to primary HPV testing, so smears will no longer catch them. I think it's important that this is made clear so that people don't disregard symptoms (e.g. bleeding between periods or after sex) because they're up to date on their smear tests. I'm not positive that 'smear' is even the correct term anymore for the regular testing at the GP as this is now only an HPV test. Since the introduction of the HPV vaccination, the proportion of HPV-independent cervical cancers is increasing (as HPV caused ones are decreasing, not because there are more cases).

I want to shout it from the roof tops, but I also don't want people to think that going for their regular check ups aren't vital. They are - they still catch 90%+ of potentially pre-cancerous cell changes via referral to colposcopy following an HPV diagnosis. So I'd like to start a conversation about it.

YABU - wider awareness of HPV-independent cervical changes and cancers could dissuade people from getting their regular cervical screening thinking it isn't conclusive since the move to HPV testing

YANBU - do everything I can do to get the message out that an HPV negative result at screening doesn't mean you don't have cell changes or indeed cancer

OP posts:
Spittykityy · 20/04/2025 10:54

I've followed a lot of cervical screening posts. I'm not saying who's right or wrong, but I do disagree with posters saying stuff like, " if women say they don't screen, or that the test is worthless now it only checks for HPV it will make others decide it's fine not to go."
Actually, women aren't stupid. I've never actually seen anyone out and out saying, don't go, you shouldn't go. If anyone tried to post this I suspect moderators would remove. I've seen women say , I don't screen, and sometimes they explain why, and embarrassment and being scared of the pain isn't as frequent as might be expected. I personally don't screen and have opted out completely. I'm not about to suddenly opt back in and have a smear because people I don't know on Mumsnet tell me I should, and I'm sure it's vice versa too.
Also, the smear test was never put through random controlled trials, it was just rolled out. I read that if it hadn't been invented at all, but was suddenly invented now it wouldn't have passed the criteria to become a screening programme. Also that any screening test should be acceptable to the target population in this case women. Now we have a self test why not offer to non screeners? Surely anything is better than not screening at all, and some non screeners might accept a self test

AJLOAL · 19/04/2025 23:23

Anonym00se · 18/04/2025 19:45

I agree wholeheartedly but unfortunately the fact remains that cervical changes will be missed in a large number of women, even if they do go for their check. I was CIN 3 and HPV negative. Thank goodness it was 15 years ago and I’ve since had my cervix removed. Women these days wouldn’t stand a chance. How long before they begin to notice cervical cancer rates increasing?

I too had CIN 4 non HPV pre-cancerous cells and had part of my cervix removed. This was about 17 years ago and it still bothers me that I no longer have regular smear tests but HPV tests.

FedupofArsenalgame · 19/04/2025 23:21

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 22:57

Selfie stick? If you took
a video you can create stills from that.

Well seeing as I don't have a cervix anymore ( due to my insides ripped out to remove cervical cancer) I won't try. It's a lot more hassle than a smear test every few years and less reliable id say.

steff13 · 19/04/2025 23:07

TenderChicken · 18/04/2025 21:59

Yeah that's what concluded. I tested negative for HPV my last smear, so why would I ever bother having a smear again?

My doctor told me that you can test negative but still have the virus, and just not be "shedding" it.

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 22:57

FedupofArsenalgame · 19/04/2025 22:45

Id never be able to bend myself into the correct angle

Selfie stick? If you took
a video you can create stills from that.

FedupofArsenalgame · 19/04/2025 22:45

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 22:39

Just done a bit of Googling and came across a website which is actively promoting checking out your own cervix. The pictures are very clear and there is a gallery of photos with various conditions.

https://www.beautifulcervix.com/see-your-own-beautiful-cervix/

I expect you could get a decent enough photo nowadays using your phone with a video and torch setting. Obviously you’d need a speculum too.

Edited

Id never be able to bend myself into the correct angle

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 22:39

Sidge · 19/04/2025 17:57

Yeah this isn’t a thing. Crikey it’s hard enough sometimes to visualise a woman’s cervix with a speculum and directed light, left alone expecting women to examine their own cervix! Half of my patients probably can’t touch their toes, let alone fold in half enough to find their cervix. And if you can feel a growth you’re probably in trouble. Also how will women know the difference between a polyp, an ectropion, a transformation zone and an abnormality.

Many of you seem to be forgetting that a cervical screen is just that - a SCREENING tool. It is NOT a test for cervical cancer, it is a tool to detect earlier cell changes that if left unchecked may one day become cancerous.

In all my years of taking smears, and I’ve taken about 10,000, when audited only one of mine had a cancer result. Anecdotal yes, but there just aren’t hundreds and hundreds of undiagnosed cancers out there especially in women attending for screening. There have been hundreds of referrals to colposcopy though. The system isn’t failsafe of course but as a screening tool it’s valuable and viable.

If you have bleeding between periods, and bleeding after sex, you need swabs for infection, investigation and referral to colposcopy. What you don’t need is a “smear” which is a primary HPV screen.

Edited

Just done a bit of Googling and came across a website which is actively promoting checking out your own cervix. The pictures are very clear and there is a gallery of photos with various conditions.

https://www.beautifulcervix.com/see-your-own-beautiful-cervix/

I expect you could get a decent enough photo nowadays using your phone with a video and torch setting. Obviously you’d need a speculum too.

mathanxiety · 19/04/2025 21:53

This is an excellent and very necessary thread. Thank you OP.

ohdearohnooh · 19/04/2025 20:11

@Sidgeall my “smears” have always been clear. Last one was a HPV one. Have not had sex since. Am 51. Is there any point in me going for another HPV “smear”. Just received text from dr that I am due one.

if there is any point, please can you tell me what the point is? Is it that the nurse will do a visual examination of cervix to look for any changes? If so, surely this is prone to missing important changes that are hiding or next yet visible?

Serencwtch · 19/04/2025 19:22

I hadn't realized it was as low as that.

The error rate for smears is higher than that

I guess they will phase them out.

Very traumatic for a lot of women with past trauma for very little return

Sidge · 19/04/2025 19:14

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 18:19

So would you say that a home test swab would be more beneficial than women having to go for a smear which is only tested for HPV now?

For that one case of yours, did you detect abnormality visually?

I think a home swab for HPV is better than nothing at all. And I like the idea of women having the choice of either standard cervical screening as it is, or a self swab for HPV as long as they understand if positive, they’ll need cytology I.e. a standard sample.

And yes I could see that woman had cancer. It’s very distinctive.

I’ve also referred probably hundreds of women to colposcopy alongside their screening due to my concerns at the appearance of their cervix, or because they had polyps.

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 18:19

Sidge · 19/04/2025 17:57

Yeah this isn’t a thing. Crikey it’s hard enough sometimes to visualise a woman’s cervix with a speculum and directed light, left alone expecting women to examine their own cervix! Half of my patients probably can’t touch their toes, let alone fold in half enough to find their cervix. And if you can feel a growth you’re probably in trouble. Also how will women know the difference between a polyp, an ectropion, a transformation zone and an abnormality.

Many of you seem to be forgetting that a cervical screen is just that - a SCREENING tool. It is NOT a test for cervical cancer, it is a tool to detect earlier cell changes that if left unchecked may one day become cancerous.

In all my years of taking smears, and I’ve taken about 10,000, when audited only one of mine had a cancer result. Anecdotal yes, but there just aren’t hundreds and hundreds of undiagnosed cancers out there especially in women attending for screening. There have been hundreds of referrals to colposcopy though. The system isn’t failsafe of course but as a screening tool it’s valuable and viable.

If you have bleeding between periods, and bleeding after sex, you need swabs for infection, investigation and referral to colposcopy. What you don’t need is a “smear” which is a primary HPV screen.

Edited

So would you say that a home test swab would be more beneficial than women having to go for a smear which is only tested for HPV now?

For that one case of yours, did you detect abnormality visually?

Sidge · 19/04/2025 17:57

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 16:24

Women could be taught how to check their own cervix visually with a mirror and feeling for any unusual growths etc. This, alongside self swabbing at home for HPV would be a far better way of detecting any cancer early.

Yeah this isn’t a thing. Crikey it’s hard enough sometimes to visualise a woman’s cervix with a speculum and directed light, left alone expecting women to examine their own cervix! Half of my patients probably can’t touch their toes, let alone fold in half enough to find their cervix. And if you can feel a growth you’re probably in trouble. Also how will women know the difference between a polyp, an ectropion, a transformation zone and an abnormality.

Many of you seem to be forgetting that a cervical screen is just that - a SCREENING tool. It is NOT a test for cervical cancer, it is a tool to detect earlier cell changes that if left unchecked may one day become cancerous.

In all my years of taking smears, and I’ve taken about 10,000, when audited only one of mine had a cancer result. Anecdotal yes, but there just aren’t hundreds and hundreds of undiagnosed cancers out there especially in women attending for screening. There have been hundreds of referrals to colposcopy though. The system isn’t failsafe of course but as a screening tool it’s valuable and viable.

If you have bleeding between periods, and bleeding after sex, you need swabs for infection, investigation and referral to colposcopy. What you don’t need is a “smear” which is a primary HPV screen.

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 16:24

ThisPithyJoker · 19/04/2025 16:01

Someone mentioned earlier that their HPV-independent diagnosis came after a medical professional visually observed changes to the cervix. That's certainly a benefit of going for testing, even if you've had a vaccination.

Women could be taught how to check their own cervix visually with a mirror and feeling for any unusual growths etc. This, alongside self swabbing at home for HPV would be a far better way of detecting any cancer early.

FedupofArsenalgame · 19/04/2025 16:13

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 14:27

My daughter was called for a smear recently- she has been vaccinated against HPV already so I’m not sure what the point is of putting a young woman through it?

I’ve also just attempted to look up deaths (UK) due to non HPV cervical cancer and I can’t find any statistics. I would quite like to know those rates as opposed to statistics on women with abnormal cells which may not go on to be cancerous.

You know " putting " someone through a smear whilst uncomfortable and unpleasant is a lot less nasty that putting someone through a radical hysterectomy, radiation and chemotherapy

ThisPithyJoker · 19/04/2025 16:01

Someone mentioned earlier that their HPV-independent diagnosis came after a medical professional visually observed changes to the cervix. That's certainly a benefit of going for testing, even if you've had a vaccination.

OP posts:
ThisPithyJoker · 19/04/2025 15:59

HPV-independent cancers tend to be diagnosed at later stages and some kinds are very aggressive and resistant to treatment (eg Gastric Type AIS) but they are MUCH rarer than HPV-dependent and the numbers involved are small. I absolutely don't want to cause worry here, because it isn't warranted - I just want to make sure people pay attention to symptoms and to voice frustration that HPV primary testing was brought in at roughly the same time as HPV vaccination.

In 2022, there were 350,000 deaths worldwide from cervical cancer and it's thought that around 19k of those were HPV-independent (around 5%), although there is no 'registry' for the individual types, so that's estimated. So relatively few, but increasing as a % as overall cases decline.

Source

OP posts:
BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 14:27

MrsLeonFarrell · 19/04/2025 11:01

I completely agree. I asked the nurse at my last smear what the point of doing it was as I have definitely not got HPV. She couldn't really answer. It needs more publicity.

My daughter was called for a smear recently- she has been vaccinated against HPV already so I’m not sure what the point is of putting a young woman through it?

I’ve also just attempted to look up deaths (UK) due to non HPV cervical cancer and I can’t find any statistics. I would quite like to know those rates as opposed to statistics on women with abnormal cells which may not go on to be cancerous.

MrsLeonFarrell · 19/04/2025 11:01

I completely agree. I asked the nurse at my last smear what the point of doing it was as I have definitely not got HPV. She couldn't really answer. It needs more publicity.

ThisPithyJoker · 19/04/2025 10:59

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 09:32

Yes - I definitely agree.

It would actually pick up more women who don’t routinely go for smears due to the invasive (and sometimes painful) procedure.

I actually thought they were considering this?

You've made a good point here with the use of the word 'painful'. I've always found them painful, not just uncomfortable. The same with colposcopy - it's not agony, sure, but the claims around the lack of nerve endings in the cervix don't match up with the experiences I've had. It seems depressingly typical of women's medicine that you are expected to endure things without anaesthetic or when alternatives would be possible that men wouldn't be expected to.

I had a cerclage when pregnant (due to a LLETZ shortening my cervix). I was told to 'come in at 8am and we'll pop a stitch in'. Its probably on me that I didn't look it up, but for those that don't know (I didn't) for me 'popping a stitch in' involved a procedure in an operating theatre where they sew your cervix closed with a thick tape pulled tight like a purse string, being kept in over night (didn't know this was a possibility) and then being told after the fact 'if you have any signs of going into labour get into hospital quickly because your cervix will tear before the stitch if you dilate'. I just can't imagine a scenario where men would be left as unprepared for what was essentially surgery as I was.

OP posts:
BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 09:39

AmusedGoose · 19/04/2025 05:40

I hardly think a smear test is invasive. A colonoscopy, an ERCP maybe which DH has to have every 3 years. For many years smears have saved the lives of thousands of women. It's been a godsend and was a game changer. Can we not vilify it please. Posts like this encourage women to not bother going and take up rates of smear tests are a record low.

I disagree - of course it’s invasive!

Have you read Margaret McCartney’s The Patient Paradox - Why sexed up medicine is bad for your health?

BurntBroccoli · 19/04/2025 09:32

ThisPithyJoker · 18/04/2025 22:05

You can self test if you're prepared to pay for a test. Superdrug sell them. But I do wish it was an option available via the NHS now (if they aren't going to reintroduce cell testing as standard which would be my preference) - lots of women are out off getting tested because of the use of a speculum etc

Yes - I definitely agree.

It would actually pick up more women who don’t routinely go for smears due to the invasive (and sometimes painful) procedure.

I actually thought they were considering this?

curious79 · 19/04/2025 08:04

countrysidedeficit · 18/04/2025 21:23

It should be on a competent GP's radar, yes. It's their job to recognise and evaluate risks of cancer when a patient presents with symptoms.

If you are concerned and have received no investigations of any kind before they shrugged and said "probably perimenopause" then you would be well within your rights to go back and push.

Smear tests are meant to pick it up when there are no symptoms.

if you have symptoms it’s developed too much!

This is a concern for me too frankly

ThisPithyJoker · 19/04/2025 07:59

I think we all agree with you that they're vital and save many lives. The poster refering to them as invasive was making the point that in most cases it's only the HPV test that's processed, though, and this can be done with a simple swab, with no need for a speculum, or indeed a GP/nurse visit.

OP posts:
AmusedGoose · 19/04/2025 05:40

I hardly think a smear test is invasive. A colonoscopy, an ERCP maybe which DH has to have every 3 years. For many years smears have saved the lives of thousands of women. It's been a godsend and was a game changer. Can we not vilify it please. Posts like this encourage women to not bother going and take up rates of smear tests are a record low.