Please or to access all these features

AIBU?

Share your dilemmas and get honest opinions from other Mumsnetters.

Or is my hyperlexic 3 year old actually neither ….

110 replies

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 14:33

Autistic OR ADHD?

First of all, I know we can’t armchair diagnose, but I’m wracking my brains right now with my puzzle of a 3 year old little boy.

Theres my gut mum feeling that he’s without a doubt hyperlexic, hence excellent decoding skills but communication difficulties and poor comprehension. That all makes perfect sense. He fits the description for hyperlexia on almost every single front apart from the fact that he is more a sensory seeker than avoider. He also follows the trajectory; regression at around 18 months, early letter / number / shape recognition (could count, recite alphabet and recognise individual letters and shapes at 18 months - 2 years) then started being able to sight read at 2.5 (could well have been able to before this) and now is starting to develop language is a gestalt learning style. Not a lot of functional communication going on but some is starting to emerge now he is 3.5.

But here’s what always gets me, why is hyperlexia not in the DSM?? Especially given that dyslexia is! It’s a learning style to my knowledge that benefits from a specific range of interventions and supports, rather different to that of autism (without hyperlexia) or ADHD. It is often also shoehorned onto a broader diagnoses as I understand onto ASD when accompanied with communication differences or what they tend to call ‘speech delay’. But my worry is that if my son gets a diagnoses of ASD, of which doesn’t entirely fit him in my opinion, in school they will concentrate on that and not the hyperlexia.

If anything I feel like he skews more ADHD as he does not crave order, or sameness or routine, but enjoys novelty, movement and sensory input. And maybe what makes him ‘appear’ autistic is actually the fact that his communication difficulties very much make him behave autistic-like?

I have to admit I was never the type to think that a hyperlexic child like mine wasn’t also ergo autistic but the more he grows and develops the more I doubt it. I was the first one to raise concerns about autism or certainly the signs of atypical development in my son when he had his first developmental review at which I was promptly dismissed given that he was seemingly engaged doing all the typical things at the time, but something niggled at the back of my mind, and of course I am right in that he’s without a doubt neurodivergent, but all I can see in him is hyperlexia but not necessarily an actual diagnosable condition such as ASD or ADHD, or even AuDHD as they just don’t seem to ‘fit’.

Intervention / therapy wise nothing that is recommended for autism or ADHD has been super effective but approaches used for hyperlexia have.

Has anyone else experienced this at all??

OP posts:
Hoardasurass · 11/03/2025 17:06

Hoardasurass · 11/03/2025 16:49

Please stop hyperextension is nothing like dyslexia and it's really offensive to those of us with dyslexia which is a learning disability.
Your son is 3 he has strengths and weaknesses like all of us nothing that you're describing in your child is abnormal.
You seem determined to find a diagnosis for what appears to be a normal 3 year old step away from dr Google and whatever websites you're getting this nonsense from.

That should have said hyperlexia not hyperextension thanks auto correct

OuterSpaceCadet · 11/03/2025 16:51

It sounds like you know your son very well and your advocacy will be a huge help for him.

You're right that it's becoming harder to get places in state special schools and that mainstream schools often struggle to cater for the needs of their neuro diverse children.

Like PP, I would say that kids with ASD can present in very very varied ways (and also that milestones can be met, just later). The right education for your son will be the one where they focus on his individual needs as a person, not on the diagnosis. Diagnoses and EHCPs open doors (in theory) but good schools don't tend to use them as a blueprint for care, if that makes sense?

Re private, they often lag behind state in ability to cater for different needs except private specialist schools which might be worth you researching if you can afford? Good luck.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:49

Mahanii · 11/03/2025 16:42

I am hyperlexic (and not autistic) - a pp said that it is just early reading and that other children catch up, but I'm not sure that's true. It is pattern recognition and decoding which has stayed with me into my adult life - I can break down Cyrillic and other alphabets without being able to understand the words, I can remember names of people and details about them forever if I read them once etc. I am not especially intelligent in other ways so it's also not a form/sign of intelligence. It is definitely a learning difference.
Interestingly though, I've been diagnosed as an adult with ADHD, which tallies with the idea that there is comorbidity with other neurodiverse conditions.

Very interesting!

OP posts:
Hoardasurass · 11/03/2025 16:49

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 15:03

With my son it’s not just ‘reading early’ unfortunately, because on paper that looks great but in reality there’s a lot more going on. He’s not sitting and reading books cover to cover for example It’s more the ability to decode but with corresponding significant difficulties in comprehension and communication. From my perspective that’s what makes it a learning difficulty just as dyslexia is, it’s the complete opposite way around.

His entire play used to be based around the alphabet. He just LOVED individual letters and the alphabet, I even know his favourite letter is uppercase Q. It’s also numbers and shapes but he struggles to see past the symbols to understand what he’s actually looking at. For example in the woods we picked up a stick and said ‘look it’s a stick!’ And he replied ‘Y’ because it looked like a Y.

The issue is that he cannot follow social routines within the day nor can he fully do age appropriate self care skills. He also cannot express many of his basic needs. Not toilet trained but has some awareness. If it were just early reading I’d be jumping for joy!

Please stop hyperextension is nothing like dyslexia and it's really offensive to those of us with dyslexia which is a learning disability.
Your son is 3 he has strengths and weaknesses like all of us nothing that you're describing in your child is abnormal.
You seem determined to find a diagnosis for what appears to be a normal 3 year old step away from dr Google and whatever websites you're getting this nonsense from.

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:46

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:42

I don’t think my understanding of ND is better than anyone else’s, but the understanding I have of my son is.

Of course it is! And that’s why you are doing a fantastic job of advocating for him, interpreting his needs and trying to find the best thing for him. This is all very positive. You just need to stay open to learning that these needs may change, grow, fade, and they may fit criteria for different diagnosis at different times. Given his high needs difficulties I think it’s very fair that they are looking into ASD diagnosis. Again, My own son was diagnosed at 4/5 years old. I’ve been there, mama.

Helpmetogetoverthis · 11/03/2025 16:45

Helpmetogetoverthis · 11/03/2025 16:41

I don't think this is the case actually.

You also need to consider the etymology of the words 'hyperlexia' and 'dyslexia' to understand why one is a diagnosable state and the other isn't - 'lexia' meaning 'word', 'hyper' meaning 'over' and 'dys' unfortunately means 'abnormal' or 'lack of'. Dyscalculia is a learning difficulty, whereas high mathematical ability isn't (although gifted students may find lessons boring and often need additional attention).

Oops, forgot to quote the post that states hyperlexia is always for life. I think it's quite common for hyperlexics to level off and end up broadly in line with peers.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:45

grumpyoldeyeore · 11/03/2025 16:42

My son was very similar. I thought he was a genius at age 2 but he’s actually learning disabled and classically autistic. The hyperlexia was a memory trick - his memory is phenomenal. He wasn’t really decoding but memorised the whole word like a picture so it looked like he could read. He moved on to memorising whole books etc Look into private autism therapists to support outside school or private speech therapy. I don’t think schools can provide nearly enough (not their fault). Don’t expect a diagnosis or EHCP to bring magic support the best thing has been private therapists and training myself to teach him. Look at Hanen ‘more than words’ resources with home routines / understanding. PECS course is also useful. Don’t worry about the medical side focus on what he’s struggling with and if you have some money you can spend find people who can help you with those issues.

The Hanen approach is working best for us at the moment without a doubt! I’m just including visual aids into the mix when it feels appropriate. My son can decode very well and has an excellent memory, but can also place meaning to nearly everything he has learned, it’s just what he’s learned so far is fairly limited, so I don’t know what that means for his future.

OP posts:
ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:42

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:38

But then you’re also trying to argue the fact that your understanding must be better than mine - A person who is autistic and has lived with that disability my entire life. That seems a lot like you arguing for the sake of it. You did say you would accept if he was given an ASD diagnosis but you believe hyperlexia is the heart of it all.

I have read all your posts, I was the first to comment. It is quite clear you did not take the early recommendation of relaxing a little. We are here trying to help and assure you that regardless of specific diagnosis your son will actually be okay. It’s good that you are advocating and trying to understand, but you need other things to focus on. Sitting up st night stressing about it will not help.

I don’t think my understanding of ND is better than anyone else’s, but the understanding I have of my son is.

OP posts:
grumpyoldeyeore · 11/03/2025 16:42

My son was very similar. I thought he was a genius at age 2 but he’s actually learning disabled and classically autistic. The hyperlexia was a memory trick - his memory is phenomenal. He wasn’t really decoding but memorised the whole word like a picture so it looked like he could read. He moved on to memorising whole books etc Look into private autism therapists to support outside school or private speech therapy. I don’t think schools can provide nearly enough (not their fault). Don’t expect a diagnosis or EHCP to bring magic support the best thing has been private therapists and training myself to teach him. Look at Hanen ‘more than words’ resources with home routines / understanding. PECS course is also useful. Don’t worry about the medical side focus on what he’s struggling with and if you have some money you can spend find people who can help you with those issues.

Mahanii · 11/03/2025 16:42

I am hyperlexic (and not autistic) - a pp said that it is just early reading and that other children catch up, but I'm not sure that's true. It is pattern recognition and decoding which has stayed with me into my adult life - I can break down Cyrillic and other alphabets without being able to understand the words, I can remember names of people and details about them forever if I read them once etc. I am not especially intelligent in other ways so it's also not a form/sign of intelligence. It is definitely a learning difference.
Interestingly though, I've been diagnosed as an adult with ADHD, which tallies with the idea that there is comorbidity with other neurodiverse conditions.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:41

Geneticsbunny · 11/03/2025 16:36

Asd and ADHD are often comorbid so it is possible he could have both, however you seem to be ignoring people who are saying that sensory seeking can be part of ASD, as it is in my son as are sleep issues. He also loves socialising and chatting to and being with people.
the spectrum of ASD and ADHD are both broad and complex and encompass a wide range of features.
Asd is usually associated with a significant communication difficulty though, which it sounds like your son has. You will work it out as he gets older. It's good it has been flagged up already.
Might be useful to know that many selective private schools won't take kids with an ASD diagnosis. Well they won't where I live anyway, unless you pay for extra one to one support.

I do agree with certain aspects of ASD but there’s so much that’s atypical with my son too as far as ASD goes too. Certainly the sensory seeking I find easier than if he were to be sensory avoidant but he is not to the extreme with he sensory side of things, but I do understand about hypersensitivity / hyposensitivity in autism. He’s already at a private school but I am fully aware that they may well say they cannot meet his needs by the time he is gearing up towards reception starting.

OP posts:
Helpmetogetoverthis · 11/03/2025 16:41

I don't think this is the case actually.

You also need to consider the etymology of the words 'hyperlexia' and 'dyslexia' to understand why one is a diagnosable state and the other isn't - 'lexia' meaning 'word', 'hyper' meaning 'over' and 'dys' unfortunately means 'abnormal' or 'lack of'. Dyscalculia is a learning difficulty, whereas high mathematical ability isn't (although gifted students may find lessons boring and often need additional attention).

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:38

But then you’re also trying to argue the fact that your understanding must be better than mine - A person who is autistic and has lived with that disability my entire life. That seems a lot like you arguing for the sake of it. You did say you would accept if he was given an ASD diagnosis but you believe hyperlexia is the heart of it all.

I have read all your posts, I was the first to comment. It is quite clear you did not take the early recommendation of relaxing a little. We are here trying to help and assure you that regardless of specific diagnosis your son will actually be okay. It’s good that you are advocating and trying to understand, but you need other things to focus on. Sitting up st night stressing about it will not help.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:37

Moier · 11/03/2025 16:34

My Grandson age 10 is diagnosed ASD and hyperlexic ... he's HE and meets up with others who are also the same .
He was much younger than your son when he started showing signs .
It can be a fantastic thing but also not.. luckily his Mum has a maths degree

He sounds like he’s found his people which is great. I think my son is unique and wonderful and the way he sees the world astounds me all the time, but it poses challenges for him which hurts my heart because he has to exist in an NT world. Luckily his pre-school are amazing.

OP posts:
sunshine244 · 11/03/2025 16:36

Hyperlexia is a developmental aspect that is somewhat irrelevant in itself. In the same way you can have a child that happens to walk early or sit up early.

The issues only come if this is symptomatic of something else. In your sons case it sounds like he's quite likely autistic too.

1:1 is very rare in nursery unless there are significant and unusually extreme levels of extra support needed. 1:1 at mainstream school is even rarer. So there must be an awful lot of other serious issues nursery are seeing to even suggest applying for an EHCP including this.

Age 3 is tiny. My kids weren't diagnosed until 7 and 9. It's going to be a long process. If you are already finding such high levels of stress as you describe I'd suggest reaching out to the carers centre or social services for support. You describe your child as quite calm and easy. They may well get harder as they get older (mine did!) so it's best to get yourself some support e.g. counselling now.

As pp said perhaps have a think about your own ND too. There's a huge genetic link and the anxiety levels you describe could be due to undiagnosed needs.

Geneticsbunny · 11/03/2025 16:36

Asd and ADHD are often comorbid so it is possible he could have both, however you seem to be ignoring people who are saying that sensory seeking can be part of ASD, as it is in my son as are sleep issues. He also loves socialising and chatting to and being with people.
the spectrum of ASD and ADHD are both broad and complex and encompass a wide range of features.
Asd is usually associated with a significant communication difficulty though, which it sounds like your son has. You will work it out as he gets older. It's good it has been flagged up already.
Might be useful to know that many selective private schools won't take kids with an ASD diagnosis. Well they won't where I live anyway, unless you pay for extra one to one support.

Moier · 11/03/2025 16:34

My Grandson age 10 is diagnosed ASD and hyperlexic ... he's HE and meets up with others who are also the same .
He was much younger than your son when he started showing signs .
It can be a fantastic thing but also not.. luckily his Mum has a maths degree

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:32

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:30

Did I say that? No. You seem very keen to ignore the obvious signs of ASD that myself and other PP are highlighting. Many have said they do not otherwise align with Hyperlexia alone. This alongside the fact Hyperlexia more often than not does go in hand with ASD. Not acknowledging the issues you have highlighting with your DC are clear signs of ASD is why I say you lack understanding.

You then seemed to think I lack ASD understanding, but you have given nothing to back that up. It seems much more like you have been challenged here and you don’t like it.

You are challenging me for the sake of it, and I’m fully entitled to my opinion on my own child, I’ve seen him develop fr on the ground up and was the first to raise the question of autism if you’d actually read my posts you’ll see that.

OP posts:
MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:30

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:25

So your understanding is more hard earned than mine? Okay. Here ends our interaction.

Did I say that? No. You seem very keen to ignore the obvious signs of ASD that myself and other PP are highlighting. Many have said they do not otherwise align with Hyperlexia alone. This alongside the fact Hyperlexia more often than not does go in hand with ASD. Not acknowledging the issues you have highlighting with your DC are clear signs of ASD is why I say you lack understanding.

You then seemed to think I lack ASD understanding, but you have given nothing to back that up. It seems much more like you have been challenged here and you don’t like it.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:27

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:26

There are different types of hyperlexia and not all present as a or with difficulty. Unlike dyslexia.

No I’d say I’m probably slightly hyperlexic but with good verbal and comprehension skills, never knew I was until I had my son!

OP posts:
ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:27

Helpmetogetoverthis · 11/03/2025 16:22

When is he 4?

September, he luckily has an entire extra year in pre-school otherwise I’d be applying to defer.

OP posts:
MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:26

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:23

As I understand it once hyperlexic always hyperlexic, just like dyslexia. Son has difficulty with physical imitation, but does better with audio / visual and written text. Mostly us modelling language and showing him seems most effective at the moment, more of the Hanen style approach. Has to be more on his agenda.

Edited

There are different types of hyperlexia and not all present as a or with difficulty. Unlike dyslexia.

ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:25

MissDoubleU · 11/03/2025 16:21

🤔 I am diagnosed ASD since childhood myself, so I would say my understanding is quite hard earned. What exactly have I said that displays a lack of understanding?

So your understanding is more hard earned than mine? Okay. Here ends our interaction.

OP posts:
ForWorthyTiger · 11/03/2025 16:23

Unexpecteddrivinginstructor · 11/03/2025 16:22

ADHD, ASD and dyslexia are all life long conditions though. Hyperlexia, in isolation, people age out of as others catch up with them in terms of reading ability. In isolation as well it is not a disadvantage.

Have you tried using signs (makaton or BSL)? You might find that reduces frustration. Ds was late to talk (although within normal range) and signs were useful to reduce frustration.

As I understand it once hyperlexic always hyperlexic, just like dyslexia. Son has difficulty with physical imitation, but does better with audio / visual and written text. Mostly us modelling language and showing him seems most effective at the moment, more of the Hanen style approach. Has to be more on his agenda.

OP posts:
Helpmetogetoverthis · 11/03/2025 16:22

When is he 4?