@TempestTost
But it's not at all clear to me why it would be morally preferable to have state run help if it won't be any more effective.
I suppose to some extent it depends philosophically what you think the role of the state should be (like the whole David Cameron 'Big Society' thing - tends to get slated as being cover to just cut services but there's an underlying political philosophy about the state doing less and empowering communities do do more)
Assuming as you say charities/civil society could provide a service just as effectively as the state - I'd say the argument for state delivery is that it's democratic.
Anything delivered by central or local government is led by people that we have collectively elected to do so, with a mandate to deliver certain things, and funded equitably via taxation. You get equal say in who gets elected regardless of how wealthy you are.
Whereas services delivered by charities are to a greater or lesser extent subject to the whims of the public, and particularly those with the deepest pockets. Dogs homes can rake in donations while charities for ex-offenders might struggle.
Look back at the Victorian philanthropists - a huge amount of charity was in the hands of the benevolence of wealthy individuals, which was aligned to their morality and values, and who was "deserving" and "undeserving".
Not that democracy necessarily gives us better outcomes (looking at you again, USA) but in principle the idea is that we all get equal input into what we collectively prioritise.