It would be a good idea to check up on immigration rules and the asylum system before commenting.
Yes, legal routes such as work, study and spouse visas exist. But the legal routes for people seeking asylum are very few and far between. Of course there’s the Ukrainian visa scheme (Ukrainians are now unable not allowed to bring over family members from Ukraine, leaving parents and children separated), the Hong Kong “visa” and family reunification scheme (relatively few visas are given this way). Can you add any more?
The legal way to seek asylum in the UK has always been to request asylum in the UK - I.e you have to be on UK soil to claim asylum. They do not, for the vast majority of asylum seekers, accept claims from overseas. The new Illegal migration act sought to make claiming asylum by arriving in the UK illegal, leaving no routes whatsoever. The previous government left claims unprocessed and people stuck in hotels, detention centres and barges with no hope of having their claims processed or being deported. Just in limbo. Not able to work, contribute, integrate or build connections for years for some people. The private companies with government connections that ran the hotels etc did make millions in profit though, so that’s nice.
Oh, and as stated above, the 1951 Refugee Convention does not require a person to claim asylum in the first safe country they reach. They are allowed to seek asylum in country where they have ties (could be language), connections, or a higher possibility of work.
TL;DR you can’t claim there are safe routes for asylum seekers by conflating them with work/study/spouse visas.