Even in countries where there seems to be serious political will to change to a republic it doesn’t happen easily.
Australia, Jamaica and Antigua have all declared a wish to become republics.
The Australian prime minister, Anthony Albanese, created a new ministerial post, of assistant minister for the republic; but he has said a referendum on becoming a republic is not a priority for his first three-year term.
In Antigua and Barbuda the prime minister, Gaston Browne, has said that he will call for a referendum in the next three years.
In Jamaica successive prime ministers have promised to lead their country to becoming a republic, but the process of constitutional amendment has prevented them from doing so: it requires a two-thirds vote in both houses of parliament, followed by a referendum.
Australia has a similarly high threshold, but its 1999 referendum disclosed a further layer of difficulty: how to select the new head of state.
The proposition that a future president should be chosen by the parliament was defeated by 55:45, because most voters wanted the president to be directly elected by the people, not chosen by the parliament.